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In long-context Large Language Model (LLM) inference, the Time-To-First-Token (TTFT) latency incurred by the prefill stage has become the foremost bottleneck limiting interactive performance and deployment cost. KV Cache reuse offers a…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Fei li , Song Liu , Yan Liu , Jinhua Cui , Shiqiang Nie , Jinyu Wang , Weiguo Wu

Deep Neural Networks are increasingly leveraging sparsity to reduce the scaling up of model parameter size. However, reducing wall-clock time through sparsity and pruning remains challenging due to irregular memory access patterns, leading…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-03-19 Hui Wang , Zhengpeng Zhao , Jing Wang , Yushu Du , Yuan Cheng , Bing Guo , He Xiao , Chenhao Ma , Xiaomeng Han , Dean You , Jiapeng Guan , Ran Wei , Dawei Yang , Zhe Jiang

The growing disparity between CPU core counts and available memory bandwidth has intensified memory contention in servers. This particularly affects highly parallelizable applications, which must achieve efficient cache utilization to…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-03-17 Alessandro Fogli , Bo Zhao , Peter Pietzuch , Jana Giceva

Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is widely used in acceleration of deep learning applications because of its reconfigurability, flexibility, and fast time-to-market. However, conventional FPGA suffers from the tradeoff between chip area…

We report strategies of achieving both high assembly yield of carbon nanotubes at selected position of the circuit via dielectrophoresis (DEP) and field effect transistor (FET) yield using semiconducting enriched single walled carbon…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2015-06-03 Muhammad R. Islam , Kristy J. Kormondy , Eliot Silbar , Saiful I. Khondaker

Negative capacitance (NC) in ferroelectrics, which stems from the imperfect screening of polarization, is considered a viable approach to lower voltage operation in the field-effect transistors (FETs) used in logic switches. In this paper,…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2017-08-07 Kwok Ng , Steven J. Hillenius , Alexei Gruverman

Traditional on-die, three-level cache hierarchy design is very commonly used but is also prone to latency, especially at the Level 2 (L2) cache. We discuss three distinct ways of improving this design in order to have better performance.…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2021-01-26 Pranjal Singh Rajput , Sonnya Dellarosa , Kanya Satis

Caches are fundamental to latency-sensitive systems like Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) and Mobile Edge Computing (MEC). However, the delayed hit phenomenon where multiple requests for an object occur during its fetch from the remote…

网络与互联网体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-05-06 Bowen Jiang , Chaofan Ma , Duo Wang

In this paper, we present a novel cache design based on Multi-Level Cell Spin-Transfer Torque RAM (MLC STTRAM) that can dynamically adapt the set capacity and associativity to use efficiently the full potential of MLC STTRAM. We exploit the…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2017-06-13 Amin Jadidi , Mohammad Arjomand , Mahmut T. Kandemir , Chita R. Das

Production data centers operate under various workload sizes ranging from latency-sensitive mice flows to long-lived elephant flows. However, the predominant load balancing scheme in data center networks, equal-cost multi-path (ECMP), is…

网络与互联网体系结构 · 计算机科学 2020-10-05 Sultan Alanazi , Bechir Hamdaoui

High performance InGaAs gate-all-around (GAA) nanowire MOSFETs with channel length (Lch) down to 20nm have been fabricated by integrating a higher-k LaAlO3-based gate stack with an equivalent oxide thickness of 1.2nm. It is found that…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2015-06-15 Jiangjiang J. Gu , Xinwei Wang , Heng Wu , Roy G. Gordon , Peide D. Ye

Gate-all-around (GAA) nanowire (NW) field-effect transistor (FET) is a promising device architecture due to its superior gate controllability than that of the conventional FinFET architecture. The significantly higher electron mobility of…

材料科学 · 物理学 2023-10-18 Linqiang Xu , Lianqiang Xu , Qiuhui Li , Shibo Fang , Ying Li , Ying Guo , Aili Wang , Ruge Quhe , Yee Sin Ang , Jing Lu

Subthreshold circuit designs are very much popular for some of the ultra low power applications, where the minimum energy consumption is the primary concern. But, due to the weak driving current, these circuits generally suffer from huge…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2014-10-07 Dipankar Saha , Aanan Chatterjee , Sayan Chatterjee , C. K. Sarkar

The influence of defects on electron transport in single-wall carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNFETs) is probed by combined scanning gate microscopy (SGM) and scanning impedance microscopy (SIM). SGM reveals a localized field…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2009-11-07 Marcus Freitag , Sergei V. Kalinin , Dawn A. Bonnell , A. T. Johnson

Magneto-Electric FET (MEFET) is a recently developed post-CMOS FET, which offers intriguing characteristics for high speed and low-power design in both logic and memory applications. In this paper, for the first time, we propose a…

新兴技术 · 计算机科学 2020-09-15 Shaahin Angizi , Navid Khoshavi , Andrew Marshall , Peter Dowben , Deliang Fan

The unprecedented accuracy of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) across a broad range of AI tasks has led to their widespread deployment in mobile and embedded settings. In a pursuit for high-performance and energy-efficient inference,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-07-26 Stylianos I. Venieris , Javier Fernandez-Marques , Nicholas D. Lane

By developing a two-dimensional (2D) full quantum simulation, the attributes of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) in different temperatures have been comprehensively investigated. Simulations have been performed by…

材料科学 · 物理学 2017-02-07 Ali Naderi , S. Mohammad Noorbakhsh , Hossein Elahipanah

The transition to the fault-tolerant era exposes the limitations of homogeneous quantum systems, where no single qubit modality simultaneously offers optimal operation speed, connectivity, and scalability. In this work, we propose a…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-01-16 Xiang Fang , Jixuan Ruan , Sharanya Prabhu , Ang Li , Travis Humble , Dean Tullsen , Yufei Ding

In this work, we simulate the expected device performance and the scaling perspectives of Carbon nanotube Field Effect Transistors (CNT-FETs), with doped source and drain extensions. The simulations are based on the self-consistent solution…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2009-11-11 G. Fiori , G. Iannaccone , G. Klimeck

In Large Language Model (LLM) serving, the KV-cache (KVC) bottleneck causes high tail Time-to-First-Token (TTFT) and Time-Between-Tokens (TBT), impairing user experience, particularly in time-sensitive applications. However, satisfying both…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-26 Haiying Shen , Tanmoy Sen , Masahiro Tanaka