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Model studies play an important role for the understanding and elucidation of the nonperturbative properties of transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs). The parton model is often a helpful framework and starting…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2022-09-07 Fatma Aslan , Saman Bastami , Peter Schweitzer

Extracting information on the three-dimensional structure of hadrons from transverse-momentum data is a challenging task, requiring the separation of perturbative contributions under QCD control from genuinely non-perturbative effects,…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2025-09-09 Andrea Simonelli

Quasi parton distributions (quasi-PDFs) are currently under intense investigation. Quasi-PDFs are defined through spatial correlation functions and are thus accessible in lattice QCD. They gradually approach their corresponding standard…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2020-09-30 Shohini Bhattacharya , Christopher Cocuzza , Andreas Metz

We compute the twist-2 matching of the transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) linearly polarized gluon parton distribution and fragmentation functions at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N$^3$LO) in QCD, supplemented by…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2026-04-07 Yu Jiao Zhu

Tensor-polarized twist-3 parton distribution functions (PDFs) $f_{LT}(x)$ are calculated for the spin-1 deuteron by using twist-2 relations, which are similar to the Wandzura-Wilczek relation and the Burkhardt-Cottingham sum rule in the…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2026-03-17 S. Kumano , Kenshi Kuroki

We present the first next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N$^3$LO) calculation of the twist-2 matching coefficients for transverse momentum dependent (TMD) quark transversity parton distribution and fragmentation functions in QCD. This…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2026-02-03 Yu Jiao Zhu

Fourier transform of the generalized parton distributions (GPDs) at zero skewness with respect to the transverse momentum transfer gives the distribution of partons in the impact parameter space. We investigate the GPDs as well as the…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2008-11-26 H. Dahiya , A. Mukherjee , S. Ray

We present an extraction of unpolarized quark transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMD PDFs) from Drell-Yan data within a Bayesian inference framework, incorporating artificial intelligence at multiple stages of the…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2026-04-16 Zhong-Bo Kang , Luke Sellers , Congyue Zhang , Curtis Zhou

We present the leading-twist quark transverse momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs) for the spin-1 target, such as the $\rho$-meson, in the light-front framework. Specifically, we predict the TMDs in the light-front…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2021-02-24 Satvir Kaur , Chandan Mondal , Harleen Dahiya

The detailed comprehension of momentum fraction and energy dependence of proton structure functions is among the major difficulties in high-energy physics. Perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD) plays as an extensive foundation for…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2025-09-25 Akbari Jahan , Diptimonta Neog

In recent years, there has been a breakthrough in lattice calculations of $x$-dependent partonic distributions. This encompasses also distributions describing the 3D structure of the nucleon, such as generalized parton distributions (GPDs).…

Three-dimensional tomography of hadrons can be investigated by generalized parton distributions (GPDs), transverse-momentum-dependent parton distributions (TMDs), and generalized distribution amplitudes (GDAs). The GDA studies had been only…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2018-08-01 S. Kumano , Qin-Tao Song , O. V. Teryaev

This work introduces a novel, nonparametric pixel-based framework for the Bayesian inference and imaging of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distributions. The methodology is built upon a fully differentiable framework that…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2026-05-20 Marco Zaccheddu , Leonard Gamberg , Wally Melnitchouk , Daniel Pitonyak , Alexei Prokudin , Jian-Wei Qiu , Nobuo Sato

Transverse momentum dependent (TMD) distribution and fragmentation functions are described as Fourier transforms of matrix elementscontaining nonlocal combinations of quark and gluon fields. These matrix elements also contain a gauge link…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2022-03-02 P. J. Mulders , M. G. A. Buffing , A. Mukherjee

We analyse the rho meson unpolarized and polarized transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDPDFs) in the instanton liquid model (ILM). The corresponding TMDs in ILM are approximated by a constituent quark beam…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2025-10-31 Wei-Yang Liu , Ismail Zahed

We perform the first simultaneous extraction of parton collinear and transverse degrees of freedom from low-energy fixed-target Drell-Yan data in order to compare the transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions (PDFs)…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2023-11-28 P. C. Barry , L. Gamberg , W. Melnitchouk , E. Moffat , D. Pitonyak , A. Prokudin , N. Sato

Using our formalism of parton virtuality distribution functions (VDFs) we establish a connection between the transverse momentum dependent distributions (TMDs) ${\cal F} (x, k_\perp^2)$ and quasi-distributions $Q(y,P_z)$ introduced recently…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2017-02-15 Anatoly Radyushkin

Semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering off nuclei is a unique process to study the parton propagation mechanism and its modification induced by the presence of the nuclear medium. It allows us to probe the medium properties, particularly…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2024-09-20 Raphaël Dupré , Federico Ceccopieri

Based on the factorization representation of the General Parton Distributions (GPDs) the momentum transfer dependence was determined by the analysis of the different representations of parton distribution functions (PDFs) and all possible…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2016-02-17 O. V. Selyugin

We present the distribution of unpolarized quarks in a transversely polarized proton in three-dimensional momentum space. Our results are based on consistent extractions of the unpolarized and Sivers transverse momentum dependent parton…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2022-03-04 Alessandro Bacchetta , Filippo Delcarro , Cristian Pisano , Marco Radici