相关论文: Thermal equilibrium of an ideal gas in a free-floa…
Out of thermal equilibrium, an environment imposes effective mechanical forces on microscopical nanofabricated devices, chemical or biological systems. Here we address the question of how to calculate these forces together with the response…
We consider a general d-dimensional quantum system of non-interacting particles, with suitable statistics, in a very large (formally infinite) container. We prove that, in equilibrium, the fluctuations in the density of particles in a…
We study fluctuations of pressure in equilibrium for classical particle systems. In equilibrium statistical mechanics, pressure for a microscopic state is defined by the derivative of a thermodynamic function or, more mechanically, through…
Thermal convection is observed in molecular dynamic simulation of a fluidized granular system of nearly elastic hard disks moving under gravity, inside a rectangular box. Boundaries introduce no shearing or time dependence, but the energy…
Thermodynamic parameters such as temperature and pressure can be defined from the statistical behavior of a system. Therefore, thermal fluctuation is an inseparable characteristic of these parameters which eventually finds its way into…
We report in situ measurements of density fluctuations in a quasi one dimensional Bose gas at thermal equilibrium in an elongated harmonic trap. We observe an excess of fluctuations compared to the shot noise level expected for uncorrelated…
Multiplicity fluctuations and correlations are calculated within thermalized relativistic ideal quantum gases. These are shown to be sensitive to the choice of statistical ensemble as well as to the choice of acceptance window in momentum…
This study investigates the thermodynamics of topological black hole solutions in $R^{2}$ gravity, incorporating the effects of small statistical fluctuations up to first-order corrections. We precisely calculate entropy, internal energy,…
The isothermal compressibility of an interacting or non interacting system may be extracted from the fluctuations of the number of particles in a well chosen control volume. Finite size effects are prevalent and should then be accounted for…
Traditionally, it is understood that fluctuations in the equilibrium distribution are not evident in thermodynamic systems of large $N$ (the number of particles in the system) \cite{Huang1}. In this paper we examine the validity of this…
The probability distribution of the velocity of gas molecules in a closed container is described by the kinetic theory of gases. When molecules collide or impact the walls of a container, they exchange energy and momentum in accordance with…
We consider a one-dimensional gas of $N$ charged particles confined by an external harmonic potential and interacting via the one-dimensional Coulomb potential. For this system we show that in equilibrium the charges settle, on an average,…
We elucidate the connection between various fluctuation theorems by a microcanonical version of the Crooks relation. We derive the microscopically exact expression for the work distribution in an idealized Joule experiment, namely for an…
We have already derived the Criteria for thermal stability of charged rotating black holes in any dimension , for horizon areas that are large relative to the Planck area (in these dimensions). The derivation is done by using results of…
Approach to the thermodynamic limit of a non-relativistic ideal gas in a periodic box is investigated. The single particle wave function obeys twisted boundary condition, $\psi(L)=e^{i\theta}\psi(0)$ for which the free particle spectrum is…
Equilibrium thermodynamics describes the energy exchange of a body with its environment. Here, we describe the global energy exchange of an ideal gas in the Coutte flow in a thermodynamic-like manner. We derive a fundamental relation…
We review the out-of-equilibrium properties of a self-gravitating gas of particles in the presence of a strong friction and a random force (canonical gas). We assume a bare diffusion coefficient of the form $D(\rho)=T\rho^{1/n}$, where…
In ultracold gases many experiments use atom imaging as a basic observable. The resulting image is averaged over a number of realizations and mostly only this average is used. Only recently the noise has been measured to extract physical…
Energy cascade is ubiquitous in systems far from equilibrium. Facilitated by particle interactions and external forces, it can lead to highly complex phenomena like fully developed turbulence, characterized by power law velocity correlation…
The problem of particle fluctuations in arbitrary nonuniform systems with Bose-Einstein condensate is considered. This includes the case of trapped Bose atoms. It is shown that the correct description of particle fluctuations for any…