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Effect modification occurs while the effect of the treatment is not homogeneous across the different strata of patient characteristics. When the effect of treatment may vary from individual to individual, precision medicine can be improved…
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial airborne disease, and is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around 1.8 billion people are infected with TB and 1.6 million deaths were…
Elderly ICU patients with coexisting diabetes mellitus and heart failure experience markedly elevated short-term mortality, yet few predictive models are tailored to this high-risk group. Diabetes mellitus affects nearly 30% of U.S. adults…
The lack of emergency medical transportation is viewed as the main barrier to the access of emergency medical care in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). In this paper, we present a robust optimization approach to optimize both the…
We consider random search processes alternating stochastically between diffusion and ballistic motion, in which the distribution function of ballistic motion directions varies from point to point in space. The specific space dependence of…
We construct optimal designs for estimating fetal malformation rate, prenatal death rate and an overall toxicity index in a toxicology study under a broad range of model assumptions. We use Weibull distributions to model these rates and…
Human mortality is in part a function of multiple socioeconomic factors that differ both spatially and temporally. Adjusting for other covariates, the human lifespan is positively associated with household wealth. However, the extent to…
This brief note aims to introduce the recent paradigm of distributional robustness in the field of shape and topology optimization. Acknowledging that the probability law of uncertain physical data is rarely known beyond a rough…
Using statistical thermodynamics, we derive a general expression of the stationary probability distribution for thermodynamic systems driven out of equilibrium by several thermodynamic forces. The local equilibrium is defined by imposing…
We prove a new lower bound on the critical density $\rho_c$ of the hard disk model, i.e., the density below which it is possible to efficiently sample random configurations of $n$ non-overlapping disks in a unit torus. We use a classic…
The distributionally robust Markov Decision Process (MDP) approach asks for a distributionally robust policy that achieves the maximal expected total reward under the most adversarial distribution of uncertain parameters. In this paper, we…
We study how international flights can facilitate the spread of an epidemic to a worldwide scale. We combine an infrastructure network of flight connections with a population density dataset to derive the mobility network, and then we…
Estimating the reachable set of a dynamical system is a fundamental problem in control theory, particularly when control inputs are bounded. Direct simulation using randomly sampled admissible controls often leads to trajectories that…
We consider a model for an epidemic in a population that occupies geographically distinct locations. The disease is spread within subpopulations by contacts between infective and susceptible individuals, and is spread between subpopulations…
In this paper, an optimal resource allocation framework is proposed for the allocation of critical medical resources among different units during a pandemic. The framework is developed by considering the dynamics of Pandemic, hierarchical…
A density-based topology optimization framework is developed to manipulate characteristic modes of conducting surfaces. The adjoint sensitivity analysis provides an efficient computation of the material gradient utilized by the local…
A mathematical model for time development of metastases and their distribution in size and carrying capacity is presented. The model is used to theoretically investigate anti-cancer therapies such as surgery and chemical treatments…
The vast majority of Dimensionality Reduction (DR) techniques rely on second-order statistics to define their optimization objective. Even though this provides adequate results in most cases, it comes with several shortcomings. The methods…
Identifying optimal medical treatments to improve survival has long been a critical goal of pharmacoepidemiology. Traditionally, we use an average treatment effect measure to compare outcomes between treatment plans. However, new methods…
Transportation systems can be conceptualized as an instrument of spreading people and resources over the territory, playing an important role in developing sustainable cities. The current rationale of transport provision is based on…