相关论文: Electromagnetic fields on Kerr spacetime, Hertz po…

Separation of the spin and orbital angular momenta of the electromagnetic field has been discussed frequently in recent years. The spin and orbital angular momenta cannot be made simultaneously gauge invariant and Lorentz covariant and are…

In ZM theory the direction of time has a non-zero projection onto space and this projection corresponds to the local velocity relative to the observer. Classical trajectories can be obtained by following the local direction of time. The…

We have gone through a detailed calculation of the two-point correlation function of vector currents at finite density and magnetic field by employing the real time formalism of finite temperature field theory and Schwinger's proper time…

The main purposes of this paper are (i) to illustrate explicitly by a number of examples the gauge functions chi(x, t) whose spatial and temporal derivatives transform one set of electromagnetic potentials into another equivalent set; and…

By modeling a dielectric medium with two independent reservoirs, i.e., electric and magnetic reservoirs, the electromagnetic field is quantized in a linear dielectric medium consistently. A Hamiltonian is proposed from which using the…

Potential-based formulation with generalized Lorenz gauge can be used in the quantization of electromagnetic fields in inhomogeneous media. However, one often faces the redundancy of modes when finding eigenmodes from potential-based…

We derive an analytic solution for the electromagnetic vector potential in any gauge directly from Maxwell's equations for potentials for an arbitrary time-dependent charge-current distribution. No gauge condition is used in the derivation.…

In classical electrodynamics all the measurable quantities can be derived from the gauge invariant Faraday tensor $F_{\alpha\beta}$. Nevertheless, it is often advantageous to work with gauge dependent variables. In [4],[2] and [8], and in…

Maxwell-Lorenz theory describes only vortex electromagnetic processes. Potential component of the magnetic field is usually excluded by the introduction of mathematical terms: Coulomb and Lorenz gauges. Proposed approach to the construction…

Within the framework of teleparallel equivalent of general relativity (TEGR) theory, calculation of the total energy and momentum of Kerr-NUT spacetimes have been employed using two methods of the gravitational energy-momentum, which is…

We explore the effective field theory of a vector field $X^\mu$ that has a St\"uckelberg mass. The absence of a gauge symmetry for $X^\mu$ implies Lorentz-invariant operators are constructed directly from $X^\mu$. Beyond the kinetic and…

Electromagnetic potentials allow for an alternative description of the Maxwell field, the electric and magnetic components of which emerge as gradients of the vector and the scalar potential. We provide a general relativistic analysis of…

Two results support the idea that the scalar and vector potentials in the Lorenz gauge can be considered to be physical quantities: (i) they separately satisfy the properties of causality and propagation at the speed of light and not imply…

If potential energy is the timelike component of a four-vector, then there must be a corresponding spacelike part which would logically be called the potential momentum. The potential four-momentum consisting of the potential momentum and…

A solution is proposed for finding the vector potential and magnetic field of any distribution of currents with axial symmetry. In this approach, the magnetic field and the vector potential are looked for not by solving a differential…

We examine a covariant quantization of electromagnetic fields by using an operator derived from a constant scalar that can be called extended Lorentz gauge. The quantization can avoid an inconsistency between Lorentz gauge and a commutation…

We derive a superpotential for null electromagnetic fields in which the field line structure is in the form of an arbitrary torus knot. These fields are shown to correspond to single copies of a class of anti-self-dual Kerr-Schild…

In this paper we analyze Hertz potentials for free massless spin-s fields on the Minkowski spacetime, with data in weighted Sobolev spaces. We prove existence and pointwise estimates for the Hertz potentials using a weighted estimate for…

The question of an instantaneous action (A M Stewart 2003 Eur. J. Phys. 24, 519) can be approached in a systematic way applying the Helmhotz vector decomposition theorem to a two-parameter Lorenz-like gauge. We thus show that only the…

Two modern programs involving analogies between general relativity and electromagnetism, gravito-electromagnetism (GEM) and the classical double copy (CDC), induce electromagnetic potentials from specific classes of spacetime metrics. We…