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Single-molecule mechanical manipulation has enabled the quantitative understanding of the kinetics of bond ruptures as well as protein unfolding mechanism. Single-molecule experiments with theoretical models have allowed one to gain insight…
Mechanical unfolding of polyproteins by force spectroscopy provides valuable insight into their free energy landscapes. Most phenomenological models of the unfolding process are two-state and/or one dimensional, with the details of the…
Dynamic force spectroscopy of single molecules is described by a model which predicts a distribution of rupture forces, the corresponding mean rupture force and variance, all amenable to experimental tests. The distribution has a pronounced…
Single molecule force spectroscopy provide details of the underlying energy surfaces of proteins which are essential to the understanding of their unfolding process. Recently, it has been observed experimentally that by pulling proteins in…
Single-molecule experiments provide new insights into biological processes hitherto not accessible by measurements performed on bulk systems. We report on a study of the kinetics of a triple-branch DNA molecule with four conformational…
With the help of force spectroscopy, several analytical theories aim at estimating the rate coefficient of folding for various proteins. Nevertheless, a chief bottleneck lies in the fact that there is still no perfect consensus on how does…
Single molecule force spectroscopy reveals unfolding of domains in titin upon stretching. We provide a theoretical framework for these experiments by computing the phase diagrams for force-induced unfolding of single domain proteins using…
Heterogeneity in biological molecules, resulting in molecule-to-molecule variations in their dynamics and function, is an emerging theme. To elucidate the consequences of heterogeneous behavior at the single molecule level, we propose an…
In recent years single molecule force spectroscopy has opened a new avenue to provide profiles of the complex energy landscape of biomolecules. In this field, quantitative analyses of the data employing sound theoretical models, have played…
In the current AFM experiments the distribution of unfolding times, P(t), is measured by applying a constant stretching force f_s from which the apparent unfolding rate is obtained. To describe the complexity of the underlying energy…
The forced rupture of single chemical bonds under external load is addressed. A general framework is put forward to optimally utilize the experimentally observed rupture force data for estimating the parameters of a theoretical model. As an…
The folding dynamics of proteins at the single molecule level has been studied with single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) experiments for twenty years, but a common standardized method for the analysis of the collected data and for the…
We investigate the work dissipated during the irreversible unfolding of single molecules by mechanical force, using the simplest model necessary to represent experimental data. The model consists of two levels (folded and unfolded states)…
Single-molecule force spectroscopy experiments, as well as a number of other physical systems, are governed by thermally activated transitions out of a metastable state under the action of a steadily increasing external force. The main…
Deviations from linearity in the dependence of the logarithm of protein unfolding rates, $\log k_u(f)$, as a function of mechanical force, $f$, measurable in single molecule experiments, can arise for many reasons. In particular, upward…
The escape process from the native valley for proteins subjected to a constant stretching force is examined using a model for a Beta-barrel. For a wide range of forces, the unfolding dynamics can be treated as one-dimensional diffusion,…
Unfolding, in the context of high-energy particle physics, refers to the process of removing detector distortions in experimental data. The resulting unfolded measurements are straightforward to use for direct comparisons between…
Unfolding in high energy physics represents the correction of measured spectra in data for the finite detector efficiency, acceptance, and resolution from the detector to particle level. Recent machine learning approaches provide unfolding…
Experimental data in particle and nuclear physics, particle astrophysics, and radiation protection dosimetry are collected using experimental facilities that consist of a complex system of sensors, electronics, and software. Measured…
The measurement of $B_s$-meson branching fractions is a fundamental tool to probe physics beyond the Standard Model. Every measurement of untagged time-integrated $B_s$-meson branching fractions is model-dependent due to the time dependence…