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The Clifford hierarchy is a nested sequence of sets of quantum gates that can be fault-tolerantly performed using gate teleportation within standard quantum error correction schemes. The groups of Pauli and Clifford gates constitute the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-01-15 Nadish de Silva , Oscar Lautsch

The Clifford hierarchy is a set of gates that appears in the theory of fault-tolerant quantum computation, but its precise structure remains elusive. We give a complete characterization of the diagonal gates in the Clifford hierarchy for…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-02-01 Shawn X. Cui , Daniel Gottesman , Anirudh Krishna

The Clifford hierarchy is a nested sequence of sets of quantum gates critical to achieving fault-tolerant quantum computation. Diagonal gates of the Clifford hierarchy and 'nearly diagonal' semi-Clifford gates are particularly important:…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-09-15 Nadish de Silva

The Clifford Hierarchy has been a central topic in quantum computation due to its strong connections with fault-tolerant quantum computation, magic state distillation, and more. Nevertheless, only sections of the hierarchy are fully…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-13 Luca Bastioni , Samuel Glandon , Tefjol Pllaha , Madison Stewart , Phillip Waitkevich

Motivated by their central role in fault-tolerant quantum computation, we study the sets of gates of the third-level of the Clifford hierarchy and their distinguished subsets of `nearly diagonal' semi-Clifford gates. The Clifford hierarchy…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-05-30 Imin Chen , Nadish de Silva

The Clifford hierarchy, introduced by Gottesman and Chuang in 1999, is an increasing sequence of sets of quantum gates crucial to the gate teleportation model for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Gates in the hierarchy can be…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-10-04 Angelos Bampounis , Rui Soares Barbosa , Nadish de Silva

Here we study the unitary groups that can be constructed using elements from the qubit Clifford Hierarchy. We first provide a necessary and sufficient canonical form that semi-Clifford and generalized semi-Clifford elements must satisfy to…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-06-19 Jonas T. Anderson

We examine the following problem: given a collection of Clifford gates, describe the set of unitaries generated by circuits composed of those gates. Specifically, we allow the standard circuit operations of composition and tensor product,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-06-15 Daniel Grier , Luke Schaeffer

Quantum circuits consisting of Clifford and matchgates are two classes of circuits that are known to be efficiently simulatable on a classical computer. We introduce a unified framework that shows in a transparent way the special structure…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-05-24 Igor Ermakov , Oleg Lychkovskiy , Tim Byrnes

Fault-tolerant quantum computation is a basic problem in quantum computation, and teleportation is one of the main techniques in this theory. Using teleportation on stabilizer codes, the most well-known quantum codes, Pauli gates and…

量子物理 · 物理学 2011-06-22 Salman Beigi , Peter W. Shor

When visualised as an operation on the Bloch sphere, the qubit "pi-over-eight" gate corresponds to one-eighth of a complete rotation about the vertical axis. This simple gate often plays an important role in quantum information theory,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2012-08-17 Mark Howard , Jiri Vala

The teleportation model of quantum computation introduced by Gottesman and Chuang (1999) motivated the development of the Clifford hierarchy. Despite its intrinsic value for quantum computing, the widespread use of magic state distillation,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-12-16 Tefjol Pllaha , Narayanan Rengaswamy , Olav Tirkkonen , Robert Calderbank

We introduce the magic hierarchy, a quantum circuit model that alternates between arbitrary-sized Clifford circuits and constant-depth circuits with two-qubit gates ($\textsf{QNC}^0$). This model unifies existing circuit models, such as…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-08-29 Natalie Parham

We show that single-qudit universality in Clifford-based gate sets follows a trichotomy determined by the prime factorization of the local dimension $d$. For prime $d$, any gate outside the Clifford group is universal. For prime-power…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-06 Alejandro Borda , Julian Rincon , César Galindo

We consider a model of quantum computation in which the set of elementary operations is limited to Clifford unitaries, the creation of the state $|0\rangle$ computational basis. In addition, we allow the creation of a one-qubit ancilla in a…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-11-07 Sergei Bravyi , Alexei Kitaev

In this paper is shown an application of Clifford algebras to the construction of computationally universal sets of quantum gates for $n$-qubit systems. It is based on the well-known application of Lie algebras together with the especially…

量子物理 · 物理学 2009-11-06 Alexander Yu. Vlasov

A fundamental problem in fault-tolerant quantum computation is the tradeoff between universality and dimensionality, exemplified by the the Bravyi-K\"onig bound for $n$-dimensional topological stabilizer codes. In this work, we extend…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-21 Ryohei Kobayashi , Guanyu Zhu , Po-Shen Hsin

We introduce a new family of models for measurement-based quantum computation which are deterministic and approximately universal. The resource states which play the role of graph states are prepared via 2-qubit gates of the form…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-05-01 Aleks Kissinger , John van de Wetering

We present a universal quantum computing architecture which combines the measurement-driven aspect of MBQC with the circuit model's algorithm dependent generation of qubit entanglement. Our architecture, which we call QGATE, is tailored for…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-20 Samuel J. Sheldon , Pieter Kok , Callum W. Duncan

In fault-tolerant quantum computation and quantum error-correction one is interested on Pauli matrices that commute with a circuit/unitary. We provide a fast algorithm that decomposes any Clifford gate as a $\textit{minimal}$ product of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-04-12 Tefjol Pllaha , Kalle Volanto , Olav Tirkkonen
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