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It has become increasingly difficult to understand the complex interaction between modern applications and main memory, composed of DRAM chips. Manufacturers are now selling and proposing many different types of DRAM, with each DRAM type…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2019-10-21 Saugata Ghose , Tianshi Li , Nastaran Hajinazar , Damla Senol Cali , Onur Mutlu

Modern DRAM chips are subject to read disturbance errors. State-of-the-art read disturbance mitigations rely on accurate and exhaustive characterization of the read disturbance threshold (RDT) (e.g., the number of aggressor row activations…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have become ubiquitous in machine learning, but their energy consumption remains problematically high. An effective strategy for reducing such consumption is supply-voltage reduction, but if done too…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-13 Hao-Lun Sun , Lei Hsiung , Nandhini Chandramoorthy , Pin-Yu Chen , Tsung-Yi Ho

Across applications, DRAM is a significant contributor to the overall system power, with the DRAM access energy per bit up to three orders of magnitude higher compared to on-chip memory accesses. To improve the power efficiency, DRAM…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2018-03-22 Radhika Jagtap , Matthias Jung , Wendy Elsasser , Christian Weis , Andreas Hansson , Norbert Wehn

State-of-the-art DRAM read disturbance mitigations rely on the read disturbance threshold (RDT) (e.g., the number of aggressor row activations needed to induce the first read disturbance bitflip) to securely and performance- and…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-03-16 Ataberk Olgun , F. Nisa Bostanci , Ismail Emir Yuksel , Haocong Luo , Minesh Patel , A. Giray Yaglikci , Onur Mutlu

The goal of this work is to minimize the energy dissipation of embedded controllers without jeopardizing the quality of control (QoC). Taking advantage of the dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) technology, this paper develops a performance-aware…

其他计算机科学 · 计算机科学 2008-09-30 Feng Xia , Liping Liu , Longhua Ma , Youxian Sun , Jinxiang Dong

This paper summarizes the idea of Tiered-Latency DRAM (TL-DRAM), which was published in HPCA 2013, and examines the work's significance and future potential. The capacity and cost-per-bit of DRAM have historically scaled to satisfy the…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2018-05-09 Donghyuk Lee , Yoongu Kim , Vivek Seshadri , Jamie Liu , Lavanya Subramanian , Onur Mutlu

To mitigate the impact of noise and interference on multi-level-cell (MLC) flash memory with the use of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, we propose a dynamic write-voltage design scheme considering the asymmetric property of raw bit…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-09-07 Runbin Cai , Yi Fang , Zhifang Shi , Lin Dai , Guojun Han

Increasing storage density exacerbates DRAM read disturbance, a circuit-level vulnerability exploited by system-level attacks. Unfortunately, existing defenses are either ineffective or prohibitively expensive. Efficient mitigation is…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-08-28 Abdullah Giray Yağlıkçı

Memory-centric computing aims to enable computation capability in and near all places where data is generated and stored. As such, it can greatly reduce the large negative performance and energy impact of data access and data movement, by…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2024-12-30 Onur Mutlu , Ataberk Olgun , Geraldo F. Oliveira , Ismail Emir Yuksel

Power dissipation and energy consumption have become one of the most important problems in the design of processors today. This is especially true in power-constrained environments, such as embedded and mobile computing. While lowering the…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2011-11-22 Sourya Roy , Tyler Clemons , S M Faisal , Ke Liu , Nikos Hardavellas , Srinivasan Parthasarathy

DRAM is the primary technology used for main memory in modern systems. Unfortunately, as DRAM scales down to smaller technology nodes, it faces key challenges in both data integrity and latency, which strongly affect overall system…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2023-03-15 Hasan Hassan

DRAM is the prevalent main memory technology, but its long access latency can limit the performance of many workloads. Although prior works provide DRAM designs that reduce DRAM access latency, their reduced storage capacities hinder the…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2020-05-27 Haocong Luo , Taha Shahroodi , Hasan Hassan , Minesh Patel , Abdullah Giray Yaglikci , Lois Orosa , Jisung Park , Onur Mutlu

Sub/Near-threshold static random-access memory (SRAM) design is crucial for addressing the memory bottleneck in energy-constrained applications. However, the high integration density and reliability under process variations demand an…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2022-02-25 Shan Shen , Peng Cao , Ming Ling , Longxing Shi

The rapid emergence of edge computing platforms and large-scale data centers has made power efficiency a primary design constraint, particularly for data-intensive and AI-driven workloads. Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-03-30 Akram Ben Ahmed , Takahiro Hirofuchi , Takaaki Fukai

Reduced voltage operation is an effective technique for substantial energy efficiency improvement in digital circuits. This brief introduces a simple approach for enabling reduced voltage operation of Deep Neural Network (DNN) accelerators…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-05-12 Mikael Rinkinen , Lauri Koskinen , Olli Silven , Mehdi Safarpour

Recent boom in foundation models and AI computing have raised growing concerns on the power and energy trajectories of large-scale data centers. This paper focuses on the voltage issues caused by volatile and intensity of data center power…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-07-10 Yize Chen , Baosen Zhang

Voltage underscaling below the nominal level is an effective solution for improving energy efficiency in digital circuits, e.g., Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). However, further undervolting below a safe voltage level and without…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2019-04-01 Behzad Salami , Osman S. Unsal , Adrian Cristal Kestelman

This letter proposes an anti-disturbance control scheme for rotor drones to counteract voltage drop (VD) disturbance caused by voltage drop of the battery, which is a common case for long-time flight or aggressive maneuvers. Firstly, the…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-04-15 Yuhang Liu , Jindou Jia , Zihan Yang , Kexin Guo

On-chip buses are typically designed to meet performance constraints at worst-case conditions, including process corner, temperature, IR-drop, and neighboring net switching pattern. This can result in significant performance slack at more…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2011-11-09 Himanshu Kaul , Dennis Sylvester , David Blaauw , Trevor Mudge , Todd Austin