相关论文: Molecular kinetic analysis of a local equilibrium …

Application of thermodynamics to driven systems is discussed. As particular examples, simple traffic flow models are considered. On a microscopic level, traffic flow is described by Bando's optimal velocity model in terms of accelerating…

The iterative Boltzmann inversion is an iterative scheme to determine an effective pair potential for an ensemble of identical particles in thermal equilibrium from the corresponding radial distribution function. Although the method is…

We investigate the speed of approach to Maxwellian equilibrium for a collisionless gas enclosed in a vessel whose wall are kept at a uniform, constant temperature, assuming diffuse reflection of gas molecules on the vessel wall. We…

Stochastic and dynamical processes lie at the heart of all physical, chemical, and biological systems. However, kinetic and thermodynamic properties which characterize these processes have largely been treated separately as they can be…

The Carnot heat engine sets an upper bound on the efficiency of a heat engine. As an ideal, reversible engine, a single cycle must be performed in infinite time, and so the Carnot engine has zero power. However, there is nothing in…

We study the velocity distribution function for inelastic Maxwell models, characterized by a Boltzmann equation with constant collision rate, independent of the energy of the colliding particles. By means of a nonlinear analysis of the…

We present a concise derivation of the Boltzmann form for single-particle energy distributions in classical many-body Hamiltonian systems. The derivation relies on two physical facts: coarse-graining-scale invariance of the empirical…

Molecular motors play pivotal roles in organizing the interior of cells. A motor efficient in cargo transport would move along cytoskeletal filaments with a high speed and a minimal error in transport distance (or time) while consuming a…

The efficiency of microscopic heat engines in a thermally heterogenous environment is considered. We show that, as a consequence of the recently discovered entropic anomaly, quasi-static engines, whose efficiency is maximal in a fluid at…

Local Shannon entropy lies at the heart of modern thermodynamics, with much discussion of trajectory-dependent entropy production. When taken at both boundaries of a process in phase space, it reproduces the second law of thermodynamics…

We consider a class of nonlinear Boltzmann equations describing return to thermal equilibrium in a gas of colliding particles suspended in a thermal medium. We study solutions in the space $L^{1}(\mathbb{R}^{3}\times \mathbb{T}^3).$ Special…

In this paper, we consider a two-dimensional diffuse interface model for the phase separation of an incompressible and isothermal binary fluid mixture with matched densities. This model consists of the Navier--Stokes equations, nonlinearly…

A new kinetic model is proposed where the equilibrium distribution with bounded support has a range of velocities about two average velocities in 1D. In 2D, the equilibrium distribution function has a range of velocities about four average…

The most rigorous physical description of non-equilibrium gas dynamics is rooted in the numerical solution of the Boltzmann equation. Yet, the large number of degrees of freedom and the wide range of both spatial and temporal scales render…

I present a generalization of the Ehrenfest urn model that is aimed at simulating the approach to equilibrium in a dilute gas. The present model differs from the original one in two respects: 1) the two boxes have different volumes and are…

The discretized equilibrium distributions of the lattice Boltzmann method are presented by using the coefficients of the Lagrange interpolating polynomials that pass through the points related to discrete velocities and using moments of the…

This review is a kinetic theory study investigating the effects of inelasticity on the structure of the non-equilibrium states, in particular on the behavior of the velocity distribution in the high energy tails. Starting point is the…

We study freely evolving and forced inelastic gases using the Boltzmann equation. We consider uniform collision rates and obtain analytical results valid for arbitrary spatial dimension d and arbitrary dissipation coefficient epsilon. In…

We address the problem of the so-called ``granular gases'', i.e. gases of massive particles in rapid movement undergoing inelastic collisions. We introduce a class of models of driven granular gases for which the stationary state is the…

An experimental effort was conducted to measure the change in internal energy of non-ideal carbon dioxide as its volume rapidly expanded with the sudden opening of a valve from one to two compressed gas cylinders. This was achieved by…