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Why is gauge symmetry so important in modern physics, given that one must eliminate it when interpreting what the theory represents? In this paper we discuss the sense in which gauge symmetry can be fruitfully applied to constrain the space…

物理学史与哲学 · 物理学 2021-05-25 Bryan W. Roberts , Henrique Gomes , Jeremy Butterfield

The nonnegativity of the density operator of a state is faithfully coded in its Wigner distribution, and this places constraints on the moments of the Wigner distribution. These constraints are presented in a canonically invariant form…

量子物理 · 物理学 2007-05-23 R. Simon , N. Mukunda

We derive simple formulas connecting the generalized Wigner functions for $s$-ordering with the density matrix, and vice-versa. These formulas proved very useful for quantum mechanical applications, as, for example, for connecting master…

量子物理 · 物理学 2016-09-08 G. M. D'Ariano , M. F. Sacchi

Feynman's sum-over-histories formulation of quantum mechanics is reviewed as an independent statement of quantum theory in spacetime form. It is different from the usual Schr\"odinger-Heisenberg formulation that utilizes states on spacelike…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2018-07-24 James B. Hartle

The form of the initial value constraints in Ashtekar's hamiltonian formulation of general relativity is recalled, and the problem of solving them is compared with that in the traditional metric variables. It is shown how the general…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2007-05-23 R. Capovilla , J. Dell , T. Jacobson

The notion of probability plays a crucial role in quantum mechanics. It appears in quantum mechanics as the Born rule. In modern mathematics which describes quantum mechanics, however, probability theory means nothing other than measure…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-22 Kohtaro Tadaki

We revisit the theorem of Wigner, Araki and Yanase (WAY) describing limitations to repeatable quantum measurements that arise from the presence of conservation laws. We will review a strengthening of this theorem by exhibiting and…

量子物理 · 物理学 2013-10-01 P. Busch , L. D. Loveridge

In this work we present the formal background used to develop the methods used in earlier works to extend the truncated Wigner representation of quantum and atom optics in order to address multi-time problems. The truncated Wigner…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-06-16 L I Plimak , M K Olsen

Possible generalizations of quantum theory permitting to describe in a unique way the development of the quantum system and the measurement process are discussed. The approach to the problem based on the Lindblad's equation for the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-03-10 V. A. Franke

I propose a general geometric framework in which to discuss the existence of time observables. This frameworks allows one to describe a local sense in which time observables always exist, and a global sense in which they can sometimes exist…

数学物理 · 物理学 2014-04-22 Bryan W. Roberts

A quantum mechanical theory is proposed which abandons an external parameter ``time'' in favor of a self-adjoint operator on a Hilbert space whose elements represent measurement events rather than system states. The standard quantum…

量子物理 · 物理学 2009-09-29 Kim Bostroem

Affine variational principle for General Relativity, proposed in 1978 by one of us (J.K.), is a good remedy for the non-universal properties of the standard, metric formulation, arising when the matter Lagrangian depends upon the metric…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2008-11-26 Jerzy Kijowski , Roman Werpachowski

Using the Ashtekar formulation, it is shown that the G_{Newton} --> 0 limit of Euclidean or complexified general relativity is not a free field theory, but is a theory that describes a linearized self-dual connection propagating on an…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2010-04-06 Lee Smolin

This letter serves as the generalization of the work 2505.16436, where we investigated the quantum field theory in Klein space which has two time directions. We extend studies to the general spacetime $\mathbb{R}^{n,d-n}\,(n,d-n\geq2)$ in a…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2025-10-21 Bin Chen , Zezhou Hu , Xin-Cheng Mao

This paper addresses the question of whether Witten's proof of positive ADM energy for classical general relativity can be extended to give a proof of positive energy for a non-perturbative quantization of general relativity. To address…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2014-08-20 Lee Smolin

The present work has a double aim. On the one hand we call attention on the relationship existing between the Ashtekar formalism and other gauge-theoretical approaches to gravity, in particular the Poincar\'e Gauge Theory. On the other hand…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2009-11-11 A. Tiemblo , R. Tresguerres

In the canonical quantization of gravity in terms of the Ashtekar variables one uses paths in the 3-space to construct the quantum states. Usually, one restricts oneself to families of paths admitting only finite number of isolated…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2014-11-17 Jerzy Lewandowski , Thomas Thiemann

This is a 'facsimile-style' translation of Wigner's seminal paper on measurement limitations in the presence of additive conservation laws. A critical survey of the history of subsequent extensions and variations of what is now known as the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2010-12-21 Paul Busch

We discuss the no-go theorem of Frauchiger and Renner based on an "extended Wigner's friend" thought experiment which is supposed to show that any single-world interpretation of quantum mechanics leads to inconsistent predictions if it is…

量子物理 · 物理学 2018-11-14 Dustin Lazarovici , Mario Hubert

We present a novel interpretation of the Wigner-Araki-Yanase (WAY) theorem based on a relational view of quantum mechanics. Several models are analysed in detail, backed up by general considerations, which serve to illustrate that the moral…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-11-13 Leon Loveridge