相关论文: Trial factors for the look elsewhere effect in hig…

An assurance calculation is a Bayesian alternative to a power calculation. One may be performed to aid the planning of a clinical trial, specifically setting the sample size or to support decisions about whether or not to perform a study.…

Survey experiments are widely used to identify causal effects in political science and the social sciences. Yet researchers are typically interested in more than the internal validity of an experimentally induced contrast. They also want to…

In a bivariate setting, we consider the problem of detecting a sparse contamination or mixture component, where the effect manifests itself as a positive dependence between the variables, which are otherwise independent in the main…

A non parametric method based on the empirical likelihood is proposed for detecting the change in the coefficients of high-dimensional linear model where the number of model variables may increase as the sample size increases. This amounts…

The estimation of causal effects using quasiexperiments often relies on the use of unusual or serendipitous sources of exogenous variation. When the goal is estimating the same causal effects across many different settings, the same unusual…

This note describes an assessment of the statistical significance of the recently released ATLAS data regarding the Higgs search in the decay channels especially suited for the low mass region, in particular the diphoton and four lepton…

We propose a method that infers whether linear relations between two high-dimensional variables X and Y are due to a causal influence from X to Y or from Y to X. The earlier proposed so-called Trace Method is extended to the regime where…

We present a new method of measuring the mass density along the line of sight, based on precise measurements of the variations of the times of arrival (TOA's) of electromagnetic signals propagating between two distant regions of spacetime.…

Epidemiologists and applied statisticians often believe that relative effect measures conditional on covariates, such as risk ratios and mean ratios, are ``transportable'' across populations. Here, we examine the identification of causal…

Let $n>m$, and let $A$ be an $(m\times n)$-matrix of full rank. Then obviously the estimate $\|Ax\|\leq\|A\|\|x\|$ holds for the euclidean norm of $x$ and $Ax$ and the spectral norm as the assigned matrix norm. We study the sets of all $x$…

When designing and evaluating an experiment or observational study, it is useful to have a realistic hypothesis regarding the average treatment effect. We present an approach to conceptualizing this average by first considering a…

We describe a statistical hypothesis test for the presence of a signal. The test allows the researcher to fix the signal location and/or width a priori, or perform a search to find the signal region that maximizes the signal. The background…

Nature succeeds in accelerating extended and massive objects to relativistic velocities. Jets in Active Galactic Nuclei and in galactic superluminal sources and gamma-ray bursts fireballs have bulk Lorentz factors from a few to several…

Is an option especially tempting when it is both immediate and certain? I test the effect of risk on the present-bias factor given quasi-hyperbolic discounting. In my experiment workers allocate about thirty to fifty minutes of real-effort…

Heterogeneous treatment effects can be very important in the analysis of randomized clinical trials. Heightened risks or enhanced benefits may exist for particular subsets of study subjects. When the heterogeneous treatment effects are…

Particle physics experiments rely on the (generalised) likelihood ratio test (LRT) for searches and measurements, which consist of composite hypothesis tests. However, this test is not guaranteed to be optimal, as the Neyman-Pearson lemma…

When presenting forensic evidence, such as a DNA match, experts often use the Likelihood ratio (LR) to explain the impact of evidence . The LR measures the probative value of the evidence with respect to a single hypothesis such as 'DNA…

In many practical tasks it is needed to estimate an effect of treatment on individual level. For example, in medicine it is essential to determine the patients that would benefit from a certain medicament. In marketing, knowing the persons…

One of the most striking features of quantum theory is that it allows distant observers to share correlations that resist local hidden variable (classical) explanations, a phenomenon referred to as Bell nonlocality. Besides their…

In spite of the widespread use of optical tweezers as a quantitative tool to measure small forces, there exists no unambiguous and simple experimental method for either validating its theoretically predicted form or empirically…