相关论文: Sandpile groups and spanning trees of directed lin…

In this paper, we investigate normal trees of directed graphs, which extend the fundamental concept of normal trees of undirected graphs. We prove that a directed graph $D$ has a normal spanning tree if and only if the topological space…

Let $G$ be a connected graph. The Jacobian group (also known as the Picard group or sandpile group) of $G$ is a finite abelian group whose cardinality equals the number of spanning trees of $G$. The Jacobian group admits a canonical simply…

We compute the treewidth of a family of graphs we refer to as the glued grids, consisting of the stacked prism graphs and the toroidal grids. Our main technique is constructing strict brambles of large orders. We discuss connections to…

Let $G$ be a group. The directed endomorphism graph, \dend of $G$ is a directed graph with vertex set $G$ and there is a directed edge from the vertex `$a$' to the vertex `$\, b$' $(a \neq b) $ if and only if there exists an endomorphism on…

The critical group K(G) of a directed graph G=(V,E) is the cokernel of the transpose of the Laplacian matrix of G acting on the integer lattice Z^V. For undirected graphs G, this has been considered by Bacher, de la Harpe, and Nagnibeda,…

Let $G$ be a connected reductive algebraic group. Let $\mathcal{E}\rightarrow \mathcal{B}$ be a principal $G\times G$-bundle and $X$ be a regular compactification of $G$. We describe the Grothendieck ring of the associated fibre bundle…

We determine the distribution of the sandpile group (a.k.a. Jacobian) of the Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graph G(n,q) as n goes to infinity. Since any particular group appears with asymptotic probability 0 (as we show), it is natural ask for…

The sandpile group of a connected graph $G$, defined to be the torsion part of the cokernel of the graph Laplacian, is a subtle graph invariant with combinatorial, algebraic, and geometric descriptions. Extending and improving previous…

The article considers the procedure of connection of graphs to the edges of a cyclic graph and its influence on the sandpile group of the graph thus obtained. A series of classes of graphs CH_n(a_1,...,a_n) is defined. Recurrent and…

We answer a question of Laszlo Babai concerning the abelian sandpile model. Given a graph, the model yields a finite abelian group of recurrent configurations which is closely related to the combinatorial Laplacian of the graph. We…

The Jacobian group (also known as the critical group or sandpile group) is an important invariant of a finite, connected graph $X$; it is a finite abelian group whose cardinality is equal to the number of spanning trees of $X$ (Kirchhoff's…

The k-th power D^k of a directed graph D is defined to be the directed graph on the vertices of D with an arc from a to b in D^k iff one can get from a to b in D with exactly k steps. This notion is equivalent to the k-fold composition of…

We identify the asymptotic distribution of $p$-rank of the sandpile group of a random directed bipartite graphs which are not too imbalanced. We show this matches exactly that of the Erd{\"o}s-R{\'e}nyi random directed graph model,…

If $G$ is a strongly connected finite directed graph, the set $\mathcal{T}G$ of rooted directed spanning trees of $G$ is naturally equipped with a structure of directed graph: there is a directed edge from any spanning tree to any other…

For a finite connected graph $G$ and a non-empty subset $S$ of its vertices thought of sinks, the so-called critical group (or sandpile group) $C(G, S)$ has been studied for a long time. We present a class of graphs where such an extension…

Let $G$ be a group. The directed endomorphism graph, $\dend(G)$ of $G$ is a directed graph with vertex set $G$ and there is a directed edge from the vertex $a$ to the vertex $b$ if $a \neq b$ and there exists an endomorphism on $G$ mapping…

Given a graph $G$, we have the adjacency matrix $A(G)$ and degree diagonal matrix $D(G)$. The $Q$-spectrum is the all eigenvalues of $Q$-matrix $Q(G)=A(G)+D(G)$. A class of graphs is determined by their generalized $Q$-spectrum (DGQS for…

In 1988, Duval introduced the concept of directed strongly regular graphs, which can be viewed as a directed graph version of strongly regular graphs. Such directed graphs have similar structural and algebraic properties to strongly regular…

Gurski and Wanke showed that a graph class C has bounded tree-width if and only if its associated class of directed line graphs has bounded clique-width. Inevitably -- asking whether this relationship lifts to directed graphs -- we…

We define two general classes of nonabelian sandpile models on directed trees (or arborescences) as models of nonequilibrium statistical phenomena. These models have the property that sand grains can enter only through specified reservoirs,…