相关论文: Fermion Number Fractionization

A previous approach with Fermi-Dirac distributions for fermion partons is here improved to comply with the expected low $x$ behaviour of structure functions. We are so able to get a fair description of the unpolarized and polarized…

We derive the relativistic chiral transport equation for massless fermions and antifermions by performing a semiclassical Foldy-Wouthuysen diagonalization of the quantum Dirac Hamiltonian. The Berry connection naturally emerges in the…

We consider the coupled Einstein-Dirac-Maxwell equations for a static, spherically symmetric system of two fermions in a singlet spinor state. Soliton-like solutions are constructed numerically. The stability and the properties of the…

We discuss the properties and interpretation of a discrete sequence of a static spherically symmetric solutions of the Yang-Mills-dilaton theory. This sequence is parametrized by the number $n$ of zeros of a component of the gauge field…

General topologically invariant microscopical expressions for quantum numbers of particle-like solitons ("skyrmions") are derived for a class of (2+1)D models. Skyrmions are either half-integer spin fermions with odd electric charge or…

Thermal field soliton self-organization arising due to absorption of background atoms vibrations is observed in numerical experiment in nonlinear chain with Lennard-Jones potential at high temperature. At some stage intensive…

Periodically driven, or Floquet, disordered quantum systems have generated many unexpected discoveries of late, such as the anomalous Floquet Anderson insulator and the discrete time crystal. Here, we report the emergence of an entire band…

I review why and how physical states with fractional quantum numbers can occur, emphasizing basic mechanisms in simple contexts. The general mechanism of charge fractionalization is the passage from states created by local action of fields…

Detailed analysis of the coupled Dirac-Maxwell equations and the structure of their solutions is presented. Numerical solutions of the field equations in the case of spherical symmetry with negligible gravitational self-interaction reveal…

In this paper we study existence and orbital stability for solitary waves of the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation. The energy of these solutions travels as a localized packet, hence they are a particular type of solitons. In particular we…

We study theoretically a one-dimensional dimerized Kitaev superconductor model which belongs to BDI class with time-reversal, particle-hole, and chiral symmetries. There are two sources of the particle-hole symmetry, i.e., the sublattice…

As toy models for space-time on the Planck scale, we consider examples of fermion systems in discrete space-time which are composed of one or two particles defined on two up to nine space-time points. We study the self-organization of the…

The concept of soliton complex in a nonlinear dispersive medium is proposed. It is shown that strongly interacting identical topological solitons in the medium can form bound soliton complexes which move without radiation. This phenomenon…

We consider different methods of calculating the (fractional) fermion number of solitons based on the heat kernel expansion. We derive a formula for the localized eta function a more systematic version of the derivative expansion for…

Solitons in the continuum limit of the Calogero model are derived and shown to correspond to one-particle excitations. The statistical mechanics of exclusion statistics particles is then formulated in terms of a priori probabilities and a…

Solitons - localized wave packets that travel without spreading - play a central role in understanding transport and properties of nonlinear systems, from optical fibers to fluid dynamics. In quantum many-body systems, however, such robust…

We study again the phenomenon of charge fractionalization at finite temperature. Our calculations are done in a framework in which the connection between the induced fermion number and the chiral anomaly is manifest. We find that the…

By analyzing the Dirac equation with static electric and magnetic fields it is shown that Dirac's theory is nothing but a generalized one-particle quantum theory compatible with the special theory of relativity. This equation describes a…

Roughly speaking a solitary wave is a solution of a field equation whose energy travels as a localised packet and which preserves this localisation in time. A soliton is a solitary wave which exhibits some strong form of stability so that…

We obtain multi-soliton solutions of the time-dependent Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations or, equivalently, Gorkov equations that describe the dynamics of a fermionic condensate in the dissipationless regime. There are two kinds of solitons -…