相关论文: Gauge invariance and time symmetry breaking

It has been proposed that measurement in quantum mechanics results from spontaneous breaking of a symmetry of the measuring apparatus and could be a unitary process that preserves coherence. Viewed in this manner, it is argued,…

An asymmetry exists between time and space in the sense that physical systems inevitably evolve over time whereas there is no corresponding ubiquitous translation over space. The asymmetry, which is presumed to be elemental, is represented…

We discuss spontaneous breaking of continuum symmetries, whose generators do explicitly depend on the spacetime coordinates. We clarify the relation between broken symmetries and elastic variables at both zero and finite temperatures,…

Dealing with a generic time-local non-Markovian master equation, we define current and power to be process-dependent as in classical thermodynamics. Each process is characterized by a symmetry transformation, a gauge of the master equation,…

In analogy to spontaneous breaking of continuous space translation symmetry in the process of space crystal formation, it was proposed that spontaneous breaking of continuous time translation symmetry could lead to time crystal formation.…

We show that an ultra-cold atomic cloud bouncing on an oscillating mirror can reveal spontaneous breaking of a discrete time translation symmetry. In many-body simulations we illustrate the process of the symmetry breaking that can be…

It might seem that a choice of a time coordinate in Hamiltonian formulations of general relativity breaks the full four-dimensional diffeomorphism covariance of the theory. This is not the case. We construct explicitly the complete set of…

Ever since a new symmetry was found for the imperfect fluid with vorticity the question of the effect of perturbations on the symmetry itself has been raised. This new symmetry arose when realizing that local four-velocity gauge-like…

The application of the notion of `observable' from gauge theory to diffeomorphism-invariant theories -- most relevantly to general relativity -- has led to numerous conceptual and technical issues when interpreting classical theories with…

An increasing number of experiments at the Belle, BNL, CERN, DA{\Phi}NE and SLAC accelerators are confirming the violation of time reversal invariance (T). The violation signifies a fundamental asymmetry between the past and future and…

Scientists continue to wrestle with the enigma of time. Is time a dynamic or a fundamental property of spacetime? Why does it have an arrow pointing from past to future? Why are physical laws time-symmetric in a universe with broken…

We show the existence of a time-space noncommutativity (NC) for the physical system of a massive relativistic particle by exploiting the underlying symmetry properties of this system. The space-space NC is eliminated by the consideration of…

The appearance of terms, which are analogous to ones required for symmetry breaking, in Lagrangian of Ref. [1] is shown to be caused by gauge invariance of quantum electrodynamics (QED) and by inaccuracy of the cited author in the choice of…

In the event symmetric approach to quantum gravity it is assumed that the fundamental laws of physics must be invariant under exchange of any two space-time events. The fact that this symmetry if obviously not observed is attributed to the…

To numerically evolve the full Einstein equations (or modifications thereof), simulations of cosmological spacetimes must rely on a particular formulation of the field equations combined with a specific gauge/frame choice. Yet truly…

We consider the N=4 SYM theory in flat 3+1 dimensional spacetime with a time dependent coupling constant which vanishes at $t=0$, like $g_{YM}^2=t^p$. In an analogous quantum mechanics toy model we find that the response is singular. The…

Gauge symmetries play a fundamental role in Physics, as they provide a mathematical justification for the fundamental forces. Usually, one starts from a non-interactive theory which governs `matter', and features a global symmetry. One then…

An analogy is developed between the breaking of space-inversion symmetry in equilibrium statistical mechanics and the breaking of time-reversal symmetry in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. In this way, similar relationships…

We review the geometric formulation of the second Noether's theorem in time-dependent mechanics. The commutation relations between the dynamics on the final constraint manifold and the infinitesimal generator of a symmetry are studied. We…

An unresolved problem in physics is how the thermodynamic arrow of time arises from an underlying time reversible dynamics. We contribute to this issue by developing a measure of time-symmetry breaking, and by using the work fluctuation…