相关论文: The Quantum Black-Scholes Equation

In this note, Black--Scholes implied volatility is expressed in terms of various optimisation problems. From these representations, upper and lower bounds are derived which hold uniformly across moneyness and call price. Various symmetries…

The aim of this paper is to evaluate geometric Asian option by a mixed fractional subdiffusive Black-Scholes model. We derive a pricing formula for geometric Asian option when the underlying stock follows a time changed mixed fractional…

There is a well developed framework, the Black-Scholes theory, for the pricing of contracts based on the future prices of certain assets, called options. This theory assumes that the probability distribution of the returns of the underlying…

The additivity of classical probabilities is only the first in a hierarchy of possible sum-rules, each of which implies its successor. The first and most restrictive sum-rule of the hierarchy yields measure-theory in the Kolmogorov sense,…

Usually, in the Black-Scholes pricing theory the volatility is a positive real parameter. Here we explore what happens if it is allowed to be a complex number. The function for pricing a European option with a complex volatility has…

Options have provided a field of much study because of the complexity involved in pricing them. The Black-Scholes equations were developed to price options but they are only valid for European styled options. There is added complexity when…

We use a Hamiltonian version of the semiclassical Einstein equation to study classical gravity coupled to a quantum scalar field with potential in spherical symmetry. The system is defined by effective constraints where the matter terms are…

The LIBOR Market Model (LMM) is a widely used model for pricing interest rate derivatives. While the Black-Scholes model is well-known for pricing stock derivatives such as stock options, a larger portion of derivatives are based on…

Options financial instruments designed to protect investors from the stock market randomness. In 1973, Fisher Black, Myron Scholes and Robert Merton proposed a very popular option pricing method using stochastic differential equations…

We recently showed that the S&P500 stock market index is well described by Tsallis non-extensive statistics and nonlinear Fokker-Planck time evolution. We argued that these results should be applicable to a broad range of markets and…

We extend the classical Cox-Ross-Rubinstein binomial model in two ways. We first develop a binomial model with time-dependent parameters that equate all moments of the pricing tree increments with the corresponding moments of the increments…

The purpose of this paper is to construct the early exercise boundary for a class of nonlinear Black--Scholes equations with a nonlinear volatility depending on the option price. We review a method how to transform the problem into a…

Writing the article-Time independent pricing of options in range bound markets; the question in the title came naturally to my mind. It is stated, in the above article, that in certain market conditions the stock price is subjected to an…

Reaction diffusion systems describe the behaviour of dynamic, interacting, particulate systems. Quantum stochastic processes generalise Brownian motion and Poisson processes, having operator valued It\^{o} calculus machinery. Here it is…

We investigate the behavior of stocks in daily price-limited stock markets by purposing a quantum spatial-periodic harmonic model. The stock price is presumed to oscillate and damp in a quantum spatial-periodic harmonic oscillator potential…

We consider a continuous-time financial market with an asset whose price is modeled by a linear stochastic differential equation with drift and volatility switching driven by a uniformly ergodic jump Markov process with a countable state…

It was demonstrated previously that the stochastic volatility emerges as the gauge field necessary for restoring the local symmetry under changes of the prices of the stocks inside the Black-Scholes (BS) equation. When this occurs, then a…

Option pricing is an integral part of modern financial risk management. The well-known Black and Scholes (1973) formula is commonly used for this purpose. This paper is an attempt to extend their work to a situation in which the…

We derive an extremal fractional Gaussian by employing the L\'evy-Khintchine theorem and L\'evian noise. With the fractional Gaussian we then generalize the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing formula. We obtain an easily applicable and…

Einstein's Brownian motion of a quantum particle in a classical environment is studied via virial and equipartition theorems. The effect of continuous measurement in a strongly dissipative environment is accounted for and a quantum…