物理与社会
Real-world networks often exhibit strong transitivity with nontrivial local clustering spectra and degree correlations. Such features are not easily modeled in tractable network models, creating an obstacle to the theoretical understanding…
The present study investigates the attacker-defender (AD) model proposed by Brink et al. (2023), a motion model that describes the interactions between a ball carrier (attacker) and the nearest defender during ball possession. The model is…
Diffusion on complex networks is a convenient framework to simulate a great variety of transport systems. The effects of failures in the network links may be used to cascade phenomena or the congestion formation in the system. A real time…
Researchers worldwide have drawn inspiration from nature to optimize network design and dynamics. Some of the wonders of the living world exhibit remarkable abilities in generating efficient and resilient spatial structures. By mimicking…
Graphs are a standard framework for describing dynamical processes shaped by pairwise interactions among agents. But many systems involve interactions in groups of three or more agents. Here, we develop a method of "$\ell$-hyperedge…
Active traffic management (ATM) is frequently hindered by traditional macroscopic models and rigid empirical thresholds that fail to capture metastable phase precursors, resulting in delayed, reactive interventions. To address this, we…
What happens when the strongest alliance member pressures a weaker member over territory and strategic control? We examine the Greenland sovereignty crisis as a stress test for LLM geopolitics, centered on the 2019-2026 U.S. push to acquire…
How much thinking can a civilisation do? Kardashev's (1964) typology ranks civilisations by total power: planetary (Type I, ~10^16 W), stellar (Type II, ~10^26 W), galactic (Type III). This paper builds an analogous Cognitive Kardashev…
Models of opinion dynamics aim to capture how individuals' opinions change when they interact with each other. One well-known model of opinion dynamics is the Deffuant--Weisbuch (DW) model, which is a type of bounded-confidence model (BCM).…
We provide simple models for the utility function (or psychology) of an actor trading a multitude of goods for money. In this framework, money has no intrinsic consumption value, but is required as a medium of exchange. A collection of such…
Socio-economic networks, from cities and firms to collaborative projects, often appear resilient for long periods before experiencing rapid, cascading decline as participation erodes. We explain such dynamics through a framework of…
Large Language Models are increasingly used to simulate human opinion dynamics, yet the effect of genuine interaction is often obscured by systematic biases. We develop a Bayesian framework to disentangle and quantify three such biases: (i)…
The group draw of a sports tournament requires assigning teams to groups of (almost) the same size. The most important criteria for a draw procedure are balance, randomness, and transparency, which could not be satisfied simultaneously if…
Photovoltaic generation plays a central role in the energy transition, yet understanding its adoption dynamics requires robust analytical frameworks that capture both temporal and spatial patterns of decision behavior. This study applies a…
In its early days, online dating was heralded as a great equalizer, removing biases built into the structures of heterosexuality courtship. However, as repeatedly observed, that prophecy was never fulfilled, and some biases have even become…
The impact of rising consumption on wealth inequality remains an open question. Here we revisit and extend the Social Architecture of Capitalism agent-based model proposed by Ian Wright, which reproduces stylized facts of wealth and income…
Inspired by contagion models of social belief formation, we develop an epistemically-informed modeling framework, SIS-Vo, in which vaccine-related information propagates on a signed opinion network. Our model allows for heterogeneous…
The diffusion of ideas and language in society has conventionally been described by S-shaped models, such as the logistic curve. However, the role of sub-exponential growth -- a slower-than-exponential pattern known in epidemiology -- has…
The study of cultural evolution benefits from detailed analysis of cultural transmission in specific human domains. Chess provides a platform for understanding the transmission of knowledge due to its active community of players, precise…
The 2025 Bondi Beach mass-shooting was perpetrated by individuals inspired by ISIS (Islamic State) propaganda that increasingly featured anti-Semitic hate content following the October 2023 start of the Israel-Palestine war. Similar stories…