物理与社会
Identifying subgroups of respondents in psychometric data is traditionally addressed with Latent Class Analysis, which requires the number of classes to be specified a priori and can perform poorly when strong inter-item correlations…
Although electric vehicles (EVs) are scaling rapidly, city-scale evidence on real-world operational energy use and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from EVs remains limited. Using Shanghai as a case study, this study develops a bottom-up…
Multigraphs are graphs in which multiple links between pairs of nodes are allowed, whereas they are forbidden in simple graphs, the latter being widely used in network science. Simple graphs generated by the configuration model have served…
The recent, super-exponential scaling of autonomous Large Language Model (LLM) agents signals a broader, fundamental paradigm shift from machines primarily replacing the human hands (manual labor and mechanical processing) to machines…
The artificial intelligence industry is not an isolated economic phenomenon; it is the current physical substrate for a broader, multi-billion-year process: the evolution of an abstract intelligence on Earth. As the scale of computation…
In the quest for more environmentally sustainable urban areas, the concept of the 15-minute city has been proposed to encourage active mobility, primarily through walking and cycling. An urban area is considered a ``15-minute city" if every…
Climate change poses an existential threat, necessitating effective climate policies to enact impactful change. Decisions in this domain are incredibly complex, involving conflicting entities and evidence. In the last decades, policymakers…
The 15-minute city concept, which advocates for cities where essential services are accessible within a 15-minute walk or bike ride, has gained significant attention in recent years. However, despite being celebrated for promoting…
To well understand crowd behavior, microscopic models have been developed in recent decades, in which an individual's behavioral/psychological status can be modeled and simulated. A well-known model is the social-force model innovated by…
Understanding how nitrogen dioxide (NO2) varies both within and across cities is essential for assessing urban health inequalities, yet the joint influence of city size and internal structure remains poorly quantified. While it is expected…
Three theories offer competing predictions about how people respond to growing diversity in their social environment. Contact theory suggests more exposure to out-groups reduces prejudice; conflict theory predicts a stronger in-group…
The transition to a circular economy is pivotal for industrial decarbonization, particularly in the energy-intensive steel sector. While recycling scrap via electric arc furnaces offers a low-carbon alternative to primary production, the…
Networks underpin systems that range from finance to biology, yet their structure is often only partially observed. Current reconstruction methods typically fit the parameters of a model anew to each snapshot, thus offering no guidance to…
Human close-range proximity interactions are the key determinant for spreading processes like knowledge diffusion, norm adoption, and infectious disease transmission. These dynamical processes can be modeled with time-respecting paths on…
Binary kinetic exchange models, where money is shuffled between two agents at a time, reproduce the Boltzmann Gibbs exponential wealth distribution but cannot address the multi party trades common in real markets. We generalize the exchange…
This paper establishes a quantitative and structural framework for civilizational continuity under rapid, non-linear ecological transitions. Utilizing empirical data on Earth's Energy Imbalance (EEI), currently measured at 1.36 W/m^2, we…
We apply persistent homology to the ORBIS Geospatial Network Model of the Roman World in order to quantify the structural resilience of the Eastern Mediterranean trade network between 0 and 400 ce. The network is represented as a weighted…
Quantifying structural stress in transaction networks requires metrics that capture structural organization beyond transaction volume alone. In this work, we introduce the Inefficiency Metric, a deterministic indicator designed to…
Identifying possible clusters in datasets and estimating their overall modularity are central tasks in pattern recognition. In the present work, concepts and methodologies are described for performing these tasks while considering only the…
When does a crisis-induced surge in radical-party support fade away, and when does it become a durable realignment? We address this in a mathematical sociology threshold model on a conserved population. The baseline admits a global…