物理与社会
An oligopoly is a market in which the price of goods is controlled by a few firms. Cournot introduced the simplest game-theoretic model of oligopoly, where profit-maximizing behavior of each firm results in market failure. Furthermore, when…
The dynamics of diffusion in complex networks are widely studied to understand how entities, such as information, diseases, or behaviors, spread in an interconnected environment. Complex networks often present community structure, and tools…
We introduce a model of opinion dynamics based on networked non-linear differential equations. The model combines a linear attraction with a repulsive hyperbolic tangent interaction, labeled controversialness. For low controversialness the…
Temporal sequences of discrete events that describe natural and social processes are often driven by non-Poisson dynamics. In addition to a heavy-tailed interevent time distribution, which primarily captures the deviation from a Poisson…
Existing mathematical models of delay discounting (e. g. exponential model, hyperbolic model, and those derived from nonextensive statistics) consider impulsivity as a single entity. However, the present article derives a novel mathematical…
A disciplinary profile of a country is defined as the versor whose components are the numbers of articles produced in a given discipline divided the overall production of the country. Starting from the Essential Science Indicators (ESI)…
Resilient road infrastructure is a cornerstone of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Yet a primary indicator of network functionality and resilience is critically lacking: a comprehensive global baseline of road surface information.…
Brownian motion have long been studied on a diversity of fields, not only in physics of statistical mechanics, but also in biological models, finance and economic process, and social systems. In the past twenty years, there has been a…
This contribution investigates an original stochastic approach for the emergence of stop-and-go waves in traffic flow, a collective phenomenon with significant safety and environmental implications. Using a stable nonlinear car-following…
Amid the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology 2025 (IYQ 2025), a significant portion of global funding has been dedicated to various quantum initiatives, with over 30 countries announcing their respective quantum strategies.…
While traditional data systems remain fundamental to humanitarian response, they often lack the real-time responsiveness and spatial precision needed to capture increasingly complex patterns of displacement. Internal displacement reached an…
The origins of consonance in human music has long been contested, and today there are three primary hypotheses: aversion to roughness, preference for harmonicity, and learned preferences from cultural exposure. While the evidence is…
We study the opinion dynamics in a population by considering a variant of Kuramoto model where the phase of an oscillator represents the opinion of an individual on a single topic. Two extreme phases separated by $\pi$ represent opposing…
We investigate how knowledge percolates and clusters in a given knowledge space. We introduce a simple model of knowledge organization in which each contribution spans a certain number of items. If this contribution overlaps with others…
It is often desirable to assess how well a given dataset is described by a given model. In network science, for instance, one often wants to say that a given real-world network appears to come from a particular network model. In statistical…
This research tries to understand how seat capacity on routes connecting 267 African cities is distributed across airlines by analysing supply decisions between 2016 and 2022. The paper compiles an Africa-specific database on seat capacity…
Effective epidemic control is crucial for mitigating the spread of infectious diseases, particularly when pharmaceutical interventions such as vaccines or treatments are limited. Non-pharmaceutical strategies, including mobility…
The rapid spread of radical ideologies in recent years has led to a worldwide string of terrorist attacks. Understanding how extremist tendencies germinate, develop, and drive individuals to action is important from a cultural standpoint,…
Voronoi tessellations are standard in spatial planning for assigning service areas based on Euclidean proximity, underpinning regulatory frameworks like the proximity principle in waste management. However, in regions with complex…
Growing interest in decarbonization and Arctic accessibility has renewed attention on Europe-Asia shipping corridors. The Northern Sea Route (NSR) is often portrayed as a 30-40% shortcut relative to Suez, with savings propagated to time,…