物理与社会
Collective foragers, from animals to robotic swarms, must balance exploration and exploitation to locate sparse resources efficiently. While social learning is known to facilitate this balance, how the range of information sharing shapes…
Ecosystem restoration is a paramount policy priority for this decade, with ambitious global and European targets requiring unprecedented levels of data-driven implementation. Achieving effective and equitable restoration, particularly for…
This paper presents a second-order model of capacity drop at expressway lane-drop bottlenecks. The model is an extension of Jin's model (Jin, 2017). This model captures not only the stationary state associated with the capacity drop but…
Collective motion is a fundamental phenomenon in biological swarms. As a framework for studying synchronization in motions, the Vicsek model is simple and efficient, assuming isotropic interactions with a complete field of view. Drawing…
Segregation is a growing concern around the world. One of its main manifestations is the creation of ghettos, whose inhabitants have difficult access to well-paid jobs, which are often located far from their homes. In order to study this…
In the bounded confidence model the opinions of a set of agents evolve over discrete time steps. In each round an agent averages the opinion of all agents whose opinions are at most a certain threshold apart. Here we assume that the…
One of the core strategies to reduce cartel violence is by directly targeting members with law enforcement. Whether targeting leaders, disrupting parts of the organisation, or incarcerating members, the purpose is to reduce the strength of…
Godfrey and Sichelman propose a quantum-inspired framework, legal entanglement, to model coupled legal relations and interpretations, with quantitative proxies for modularity and information cost. We identify a specific technical issue in…
Collective synchronization in complex systems arises from the interplay between topology and dynamics, yet how to design and control such patterns in higher-order networks remains unclear. Here we show that a Dirac spectral programming…
Within the ViSE (Voting in Stochastic Environment) model, we study the effectiveness of majority voting in various environments. As shown by the pit-of-losses paradox identified in previous work, majority decisions in apparently hostile…
Individuals interact and cooperate in structured systems. Many studies represent this structure using static networks, where each link represents a permanent connection between two nodes. However, real interactions are generally not…
This article introduces a modeling framework to characterize evacuee response to environmental stimuli during emergency egress. The model is developed in consistency with stress theory, which explains how an organism reacts to environmental…
Is it possible to develop a `physics of language' which can explain the spatial, temporal and social patterns we see, and which can predict future change like we forecast the weather? Such a theory is likely to involve ideas from…
This paper introduces Bidirectional Technologies (BiTs), which is defined as technology that addresses the challenges within the aerospace and climate sectors simultaneously. BiTs presents a means to meet global development agendas, in…
Independent voters play an increasingly decisive role in contemporary elections, yet their collective behavior remains poorly understood. This paper investigates how a minority of voters with greater flexibility in their political…
Quantum computing poses an urgent and widely recognised threat to global cybersecurity, enabling encrypted government, financial, and healthcare data harvested today to be decrypted in the near future. Transitioning to quantum-safe…
The National Basketball Association (NBA) is actively considering the addition of two expansion teams, raising the question of how to restructure its conferences and divisions to balance travel efficiency, fairness, and revenue…
In many countries, central heating systems are widely used in multifamily housing allowing maintenance and costs to be shared. However, these systems often limit residents' control over their own consumption, complicating efforts to reduce…
A study of the dynamical formation of networks of friends and enemies in social media, in this case Twitter, is presented. We characterise the single node properties of such networks, as the clustering coefficient and the degree, to…
The evacuation of pedestrians from enclosed spaces represents a key problem in safety engineering and infrastructure design. Analyzing the collective dynamics that emerge during evacuation processes requires simulation tools capable of…