物理与社会

In South Korea, age-disaggregated tuberculosis (TB) data at the district level are not publicly available due to privacy constraints, limiting fine-scale analyses of healthcare accessibility. To address this limitation, we present a…

We introduce a minimal evolutionary model to show how local cooperation and global competition can create a transition to the diversity of communities such as linguistic groups. By using a lattice model with high-dimensional state agents…

Access/egress travel to train stations continues to pose a significant barrier to increasing the number of train travellers. Shared micromobility (SMM), including bicycles, e-bikes, steps and mopeds, is often cited as a prominent solution,…

Shared micromobility (SMM), including bicycles, e-bikes, scooters, etc., is often cited as a solution to the first and especially the last mile problem of public transport (PT), yet when implemented, they often do not get adopted by a…

Long-distance travel has seen little attention in the past, largely due its sporadic nature. A single long-distance trip can amount to a distance equivalent to a year's worth of commute trips, resulting in a similar, if not worse,…

Understanding user's perception of service variability is essential to discern their overall perception of any type of (transport) service. We study the perception of waiting time variability for ride-hailing services. We carried out a…

Along with the increased availability and capabilities of quantum computers comes the core question: how can access to quantum computing be allocated in a responsible way? This report introduces a general legal-ethical framework that…

While context embeddings produced by LLMs can be used to estimate conceptual change, these representations are often not interpretable nor time-aware. Moreover, bias augmentation in historical data poses a non-trivial risk to researchers in…

Triangles are abundant in real-world networks but rare in standard null models for sparse graphs. Existing explanations typically rely on explicit triadic closure mechanisms or geometry-based connection rules. We propose an alternative…

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are rapidly becoming more capable, autonomous, and deeply embedded in social life. As humans increasingly interact, cooperate, and compete with AI, we move from purely human societies to hybrid human-AI…

Detailed network models of social, biological and other complex systems are often dense, which increases their computational complexity in simulations and analysis. To address this challenge, graph sparsification is used to remove edges…

Techniques for detecting critical phenomena -- phase transitions where correlation length diverges and small perturbations have large effects -- have been developed across multiple fields over nine decades. We survey between six and twelve…

Understanding the emergent macroscopic behavior of dynamical systems on networks is a crucial but challenging task. One of the simplest and most effective methods to construct a reduced macroscopic model is given by mean-field theory. The…

Collective variables (CVs) are low-dimensional projections of high-dimensional system states. They are used to gain insights into complex emergent dynamical behaviors of processes on networks. The relation between CVs and network measures…

We show that in an undirected graph under degree biased sampling the expected degree of vertices is equal to the expected degree of their neighbors. In consequence, under the biased sampling the social network result known as the friendship…

The study of complex systems has produced a huge library of different descriptive statistics that scientists can use to describe the various emergent patterns that characterize complex systems. The problem of engineering systems to display…

Whereas there is growing interest in exploring longer-term climate with overshoot, including tipping elements, beyond 2100, most Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) generate emissions scenarios only till 2100. Here we propose a framework to…

During an epidemic outbreak, individuals often modify their behavior in response to global prevalence cues, using spatially mediated adaptations such as reduced mobility or transmission range. In this work, we investigate the impact of…

Competition for a limited resource is the hallmark of many complex systems, and often, that resource turns out to be the physical space itself. In this work, we study a novel model designed to elucidate the dynamics and emergence in complex…

The integration of large shares of wind and solar power into the power system benefits from transmission network expansion. However, the construction of new power lines requires long planning phases and is often delayed by citizen protests.…