物理与社会
Complex systems are difficult to study not only because they are nonlinear, multiscale, and often nonstationary, but because their scientifically relevant organization is often invisible at the level of individual components, pairwise…
We model bipartisan elections where voters are exposed to two forces: local homophilic interactions and external influence from two political campaigns. The model is mathematically equivalent to the random field Ising model with a bimodal…
Migration patterns are complex and context-dependent, with the distances migrants travel varying greatly depending on socio-economic and demographic factors. While global migration studies often focus on Western countries, there is a…
This article deals with the early development of preprint communication in high-energy physics, specifically with how preprint communication was formalized in the early 1960s at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). It…
The electrification of energy demand across sectors, powered by solar and wind generation, is the best strategy for achieving carbon neutrality. Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategies are also expected to play a crucial role by providing…
Florida has experienced significant population increase in recent years, driven in part by domestic migration from other states. This study analyzes the migration patterns of voters in Florida between 2017 and 2022 using voter registration…
Homogeneous Boltzmann-type equations are an established tool for modelling interacting multi-agent systems in sociophysics by means of the principles of statistical mechanics and kinetic theory. A customary implicit assumption is that…
This paper examines the latent functional block structure of Japan's production network using interregional input-output data. To isolate non-trivial production linkages, we first estimate a structural gravity model to account for spatial…
Segregation has long been recognized as a driver of environmental inequalities, with disadvantaged groups often living in neighborhoods where heat-related risks are highest. Yet, it remains unclear how daily mobility patterns, embedded…
We model an electorate voting on the funding of a public good in a two-party system in an evolutionary game theory framework. Voters adopt one of four strategies: Consensus-makers, Gridlockers, Party 1 Zealots, and Party 2 Zealots, which…
Integration of variable energy resources -- e.g., solar, wind, and hydro -- and end-use electrification increase modern energy systems' weather-dependence. Identifying critical infrastructure constraining the power grid's ability to meet…
The world's power systems are undergoing a rapid transformation, shifting away from carbon-intensive power generation to renewable sources. As a result, electricity is being transported over ever longer distances, while the intrinsic system…
Vaccination campaigns play a pivotal role in controlling infectious diseases. Their success, however, depends not only on vaccine efficacy and availability but also significantly on public opinion and the willingness of individuals to…
Leadership in social groups is often a dynamic characteristic that emerges from interactions and opinion exchange. Empirical evidence suggests that individuals with strong opinions tend to gain influence, at the same time maintaining…
Heatwaves are intensifying as a major climate extreme and have emerged as a growing public health threat in rapidly urbanizing regions such as India. In this study, we integrate long-term heat-related mortality records (1970-2023) with…
We explore the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) by comparing the way they gather data with the way humans build knowledge. Here we examine how scientific knowledge is made and compare it with LLMs. The argument is structured by…
Marathons are now common ways of seeing cities, yet little is known about how representative their routes are. Using 311 marathon routes across five continents, we compare landmarks and amenities along the course with those elsewhere in the…
Bras\'ilia offers a rare test of how urban form shapes experienced segregation. Built almost at once around modernist neighbourhood units, then expanded through planned satellites and informal peripheries, it lets us ask whether urban form…
Signed networks provide a principled framework for representing systems in which interactions are not merely present or absent but qualitatively distinct: friendly or antagonistic, supportive or conflicting, excitatory or inhibitory. This…
Achieving climate neutrality in Europe requires rapid electrification alongside carbon management strategies for residual emissions. Existing analyses of the European energy system often focus on collocated carbon capture and geological…