物理与社会
Electricity transmission expansion has suffered many delays in Europe in recent decades, despite its significance for integrating renewable electricity into the energy system. A hydrogen network which reuses the existing fossil gas network…
The standard definition of pedestrian density produces scattered values, hence, many approaches have been developed to improve the features of the estimated density. This paper provides a review of generally applied methods and presents a…
Assortativity, i.e. the tendency of a vertex to bond with another based on their similarity, such as degree, is an important network characteristic that is well-known to be relevant for the network's robustness against attacks. Commonly it…
We analyse a mathematical model of seeding for sports contests with round-robin qualifying tournaments. The standard seeding system based on coefficients measuring the historical performance of the teams is shown to be unfair as it might…
Every year, Mexican cartels lose many members due to conflict with other cartels and arrests. Yet, despite their losses, cartels have managed to increase violence for years. We address this puzzle by leveraging data on the number of…
In this chapter, we consider probabilistic drift-diffusion models and Bayesian inference frameworks to address this issue, assisting better social human decision-making. We provide details of the models, as well as representative numerical…
Peace means order, and war brings disorder and chaos to any society. But order and disorder are not only observed in wars, in many systems they are the dominant property. Understanding order and disorder enables us to understand the…
The voter model on networks is crucial to understand opinion formation. Uni-directional social interactions are ubiquitous in real social networks whereas undirected interactions are intensively studied. We establish a voter model on a…
The rapid advancement of quantum hardware brings a host of research opportunities and the potential for quantum advantages across numerous fields. In this landscape, quantum circuit simulations serve as an indispensable tool by emulating…
With the continuous improvement of urbanization and motorization, travel demand in historical blocks is higher than before. The contradiction between supply of transportation facilities and environmental protection is more serious.…
The swift relaxation of the zero-COVID policy in December 2022 led to an unprecedented surge in Omicron variant infections in China. With the suspension of mandatory testing, tracking this epidemic outbreak was challenging because…
The present review is based on the lectures that the author had been giving during several years at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH Zurich). Being bounded by lecture frames, the selection of the material, by…
Enhanced weathering (EW) with crushed basalt on farmlands is a promising scalable atmospheric carbon dioxide removal strategy that urgently requires performance assessment with commercial farming practices. Our large-scale replicated EW…
Individuals socio-demographic and economic characteristics crucially shape the spread of an epidemic by largely determining the exposure level to the virus and the severity of the disease for those who got infected. While the complex…
In the last decades an increasing deal of research has investigated the phenomenon of opinion misperception in human communities and, more recently, in social media. Opinion misperception is the wrong evaluation by community's members of…
In the past two decades, a series of important results have been established in the empirical and theoretical modeling of complex networks, although considered are mainly pairwise networks. However, with the development of science and…
Visualization of the adjacency matrix enables us to capture macroscopic features of a network when the matrix elements are aligned properly. Community structure, a network consisting of several densely connected components, is a…
A fundamental technical challenge in the analysis of network data is the automated discovery of communities - groups of nodes that are strongly connected or that share similar features or roles. In this commentary we review progress in the…
Random networks are a powerful tool in the analytical modeling of complex networks as they allow us to write approximate mathematical models for diverse properties and behaviors of networks. One notable shortcoming of these models is that…
Compartmental models are the most widely used framework for modeling infectious diseases. These models have been continuously refined to incorporate all the realistic mechanisms that can shape the course of an epidemic outbreak. Building on…