物理与社会
Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are compact nuclear power plants that offer various advantages for energy generation in a sustainable way. With their smaller and simplified designs, SMRs provide increased flexibility, lower capital costs, and…
The so-called Granovetter-Watts model was introduced to capture a situation in which the adoption of new ideas or technologies requires a certain redundancy in the social environment of each agent to take effect. This model has become a…
The survival of endangered languages in complex language competition depends on socio-cultural status and honour endowed (by itself and by the other) among them. The restriction in the endorsement of this honour leads to language extinction…
Online hate is dynamic, adaptive -- and is now surging armed with AI/GPT tools. Its consequences include personal traumas, child sex abuse and violent mass attacks. Overcoming it will require knowing how it operates at scale. Here we…
The participation coefficient is a widely used metric of the diversity of a node's connections with respect to a modular partition of a network. An information-theoretic formulation of this concept of connection diversity, referred to here…
Background: A recent epidemiological analysis of staggered policy implementation reported a 29.4% reduction in COVID-19 cases by maintaining school mask mandates in the greater Boston area during the first half of 2022. The robustness of…
The use of wind and solar generation is fundamental to the decarbonisation of the United Kingdom electricity system. However, the optimal level of renewable energy as a proportion of total demand is still being debated. In this paper,…
In recent years, the analysis of economic crime and corruption in procurement has benefited from integrative studies that acknowledge the interconnected nature of the procurement ecosystem. Following this line of research, we present a…
Based on the binary time series data of social infection dynamics, we propose a general framework to reconstruct 2-simplex complexes with two-body and three-body interactions by combining the maximum likelihood estimation in statistical…
Why is distrust (e.g. of medical expertise) now flourishing online despite the surge in mitigation schemes being implemented? We analyze the changing discourse in the Facebook ecosystem of approximately 100 million users who pre-pandemic…
A model of the urban agglomeration and segregation is formulated, in which two types of agents move around on the square-lattice aligned cells. The model is shown to exhibit, when the density of agents are varied as the control parameter,…
People organize in groups and contagions spread across them. A simple process, but complex to model due to dynamical correlations within groups and between groups. Groups can also change as agents join and leave them to avoid infection. To…
The empirical validation of models remains one of the most important challenges in opinion dynamics. In this contribution, we report on recent developments on combining data from survey experiments with computational models of opinion…
Ride-pooling remains a promising emerging mode with a potential to contribute towards urban sustainability and emission reductions. Recent studies revealed complexity and diversity among travellers' ride-pooling aptitudes. So far,…
Understanding the pattern formation in communities has been at the center of attention in various fields. Here we introduce a novel model, called an "information-particle model," which is based on the reaction-diffusion model and the…
With the advancement of information technology, more people, especially young adults, are getting addicted to the use of different social media platforms. Despite immense useful applications in communication and interactions, the habit of…
Distributed solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are projected to be a key contributor to future energy landscape, but are often poorly represented in energy models due to their distributed nature. They have higher costs compared to utility PV,…
This is a comment on a recent review article about reputation and reciprocity as mechanisms promoting cooperation. I also discuss the necessary changes for the currently game-theory-based cooperation studies to become a complete theory of…
Political polarization is perceived as a threat to democracies. Using the Galam model of opinion dynamics deployed in a five-dimensional parameter space, I show that polarization is the byproduct of an essential hallmark of a vibrant…
Birth-death processes take place ubiquitously throughout the universe. In general, birth and death rates depend on the system size (corresponding to the number of products or customers undergoing the birth-death process) and thus vary every…