物理与社会
Heroes are people who perform costly altruistic acts. Few people turn out to be heroes, but many spontaneously honor heroes by commenting, applauding, or enthusiastically celebrating their deeds. The existence of a praising audience leads…
Demographic transition, characterized by declines in fertility and mortality, is a global phenomenon associated with modernization. While typical patterns of fertility decline are observed in Western countries, their applicability to other…
Incorporating decision-making dynamics during an outbreak poses a challenge for epidemiology, faced by several modeling approaches siloed by different disciplines. We propose an epi-economic model where high-frequency choices of individuals…
The spectrum of the nonbacktracking matrix associated to a network is known to contain fundamental information regarding percolation properties of the network. Indeed, the inverse of its leading eigenvalue is often used as an estimate for…
Ocean currents exhibit strong time dependence at all scales that influences physical and biochemical dynamics. Network approaches to fluid transport permit to address explicitly how connectivity across the seascape is affected by the…
Road transport is responsible for about a quarter of Europe's greenhouse gas emissions, making its transformation a crucial part of Europe's overall decarbonization goals. Current European policies promote decarbonizing the transport sector…
Many human knowledge systems, such as science, law, and invention, are built on documents and the citations that link them. Citations, while serving multiple purposes, primarily function as a way to explicitly document the use of prior work…
Quantifying the speed of linguistic change is challenging due to the fact that the historical evolution of languages is sparsely documented. Consequently, traditional methods rely on phylogenetic reconstruction. In this paper, we propose a…
Cooperation is fundamental to human societies, and the interaction structure among individuals profoundly shapes its emergence and evolution. In real-world scenarios, cooperation prevails in multi-group (higher-order) populations, beyond…
Over the past decade, contrary to the early popular expectation that large-scale discourse in online communities would foster greater consensus, the large-scale structure of online discourse has been measured to be strongly polarized.…
We introduce a novel metric to quantify the fragility of chess positions using the interaction graph of pieces. This fragility score $F$ captures the tension within a position and serves as a strong indicator of tipping points in a game. In…
Agent-based models describing social interactions among individuals can help to better understand emerging macroscopic patterns in societies. One of the topics which is worth tackling is the formation of different kinds of hierarchies that…
Ranking sectors and countries within global value chains is of paramount importance to estimate risks and forecast growth in large economies. However, this task is often non-trivial due to the lack of complete and accurate information on…
Complex adaptive networks exhibit remarkable resilience, driven by the dynamic interplay of structure (interactions) and function (state). While static-network analyses offer valuable insights, understanding how structure and function…
We investigate an SIR model of epidemic propagation on networks in the context of mean-field games. In a real epidemic, individuals adjust their behavior depending on the epidemic level and the impact it might have on them in the future.…
Higher$\text{-}$order Markov chain models are widely used to represent agent transitions in dynamic systems, such as passengers in transport networks. They capture transitions in complex systems by considering not only the current state but…
This paper introduces an innovative framework for understanding on-demand platforms by quantifying positive network effects, trust, revenue dynamics, and the influence of demand on platform operations at per-minute or even per-second…
This study proposes a generalised macroscopic traffic simulation using a Mt/D/1/K queue to model congestion, using the Enniskillen to Belfast route as a case study. Empirical traffic data from Google's Directions API is used to calibrate…
Understanding the effect of road geometry on human driving behaviour is essential for both road safety studies and traffic microsimulation. Research on this topic is still limited, mainly focusing on free-flow traffic and not adequately…
The lack of cooperation can easily result in inequality among members of a society, which provides an increasing gap between individual incomes. To tackle this issue, we introduce an incentive mechanism based on individual strategies and…