综合数学

n 1937 Ivan Vinogradov proved the three prime sum version of the Goldbach Conjecture, often called the weak form of Goldbach Conjecture. And that it holds for "sufficiently large" odd natural numbers. In this work we use Dirichlet Theorem,…

We revisit the Fourier transform of a Hankel function, of considerable importance in the theory of knife edge diffraction. Our approach is based directly upon the underlying Bessel equation, which admits manipulation into an alternate…

From Euclid's fundamental formula for the Pythagorean triples we define the rational triples relating certain congruent numbers by an identity and explore their relationships. We introduce two geometric methods relating the congruent number…

Fuzzy skill multimaps can describe individuals' knowledge states from the perspective of latent cognitive abilities. The significance of discriminative knowledge structure is reducing repeated testing and the workload for students, which…

We represent the generalized Collatz function with the recursive ruler function r(2n) = r(n) + 1 and r(2n + 1) = 1. We generate even-only and odd-only Collatz subsequences that contain significantly fewer elements term by term, to 2 and 1,…

In this paper, we induce a semi-Riemannian metric on the $r$-null submanifold. We establish the links between the null geometry and basics invariants of the associated semi-Riemannian geometry on $r$-null submanifold and semi-Riemannian…

In the following work, we first propose two (partial summation) formulas involving the floor and ceiling functions. We use principle of mathematical induction to prove the propositions. Another formula relating to the difference of floor…

This paper introduces new ruled surfaces according to Bishop frame by referring to the main idea of Smarandache geometry. The fundamental forms and the corresponding curvatures are provided to put forth some characteristics of each surface.…

We investigate and present a new result in NG groups that consisting of consisting of non-bijective transformations cannot be subset of symmetric groups. In this paper, we revive the concepts of NG groups. Moreover, we introduce the…

This short communication develops a new numerical procedure suitable for a large class of ordinary differential equation systems found in models in physics and engineering. The main numerical procedure is analogous to those concerning the…

In this paper we study the convergence of Newton-Raphson method. For this method there exists some convergence results which are practically not very useful and just guarantee the convergence of this method when the first term of this…

In this paper, we study commutative Krasner hyperring with nonzero identity. $\phi$-prime, $\phi$-primary and $\phi$-$\delta$-primary hyperideals are introduced. We intend to extend the concept of $\delta$-primary hyperideals to…

We introduce the \emph{Collatz conjecture} and its history. Some definition that this conjecture has, will be expressed and with these we try to explain some good lemma to justify the main properties of the \emph{Collatz conjecture}. With…

Since 100 years or so, it has been usually accepted that the " conformal group " could be defined in an arbitrary dimension n as the group of transformations preserving a non degenerate flat metric up to a nonzero invertible point depending…

In this paper, we introduce a new multiple-parameters (multi-index) extension of the Wright function that arises from an eigenvalue problem for a case of hyper-Bessel operator involving Caputo fractional derivatives. We show that by giving…

A quasiperiodic 7-fold rhombic tiling is constructed with an iterative substitution scheme. The inflation factor is 5.04892..., the square of the longer diagonal of a regular heptagon. There are many substitutions possible that fill larger…

I considered definition and properties of polynomial in no-commutative algebra. There exists polynomial which has finite, infinite or empty set of roots. For instance, the polynomial $$p_1(x)=ix-xi-1$$ have no root and the polynomial…

As an analogy of superalgebra of multivector fields with the Schounte bracket, we introduce a non-trivial superbracket on differential forms of manifold. We show properties of this new superalgebra. We extend this superalgebra by adding one…

This paper is devoted to a nonlinear singular Riemann-Liouville type fractional differential equation, the local existence of whose continuous solutions under the weakest condition remained as an open problem until now. The singularity of…

The focus of this work is to analyze the trajectories of a point on the ellipsoid $\mathbb{S}_{a_{1},a_{2},a_{3}}^{2}$ while it is under the influence of a Killing vector field $K$. For this purpose, we introduce the generalized Darboux…