综合数学
Geometric sequences are found documented as early as 300BC in the text, Book IX of Elements written by Euclid of Alexandria. In this paper a new principle for identities involving the product of any k-number of terms of a geometric sequence…
There are 216 magic tours of knight in 4x4x4 cube.
Tools of the intrinsic analysis on manifolds, helpful in solving the invariant inverse problem of the calculus of variations are being presented comprising a combined approach which consists in the simultaneous imposition of symmetry…
Colouring the vertices of a graph $G$ according to certain conditions can be considered as a random experiment and a discrete random variable $X$ can be defined as the number of vertices having a particular colour in the proper colouring of…
We show that the existence of a non-trivial solution of $x^n+y^n=p^n$, with $p$ a prime number, is equivalent to the existence of a solution of a certain (over-determined) system of $(n-1)$-recursion relations ("zipper" equations) in…
The main aim of the present paper is to represent an exact and simple proof for FLT by using properties of the algebra identities and linear algebra.
In this paper we present a two-term Machin-like formula for pi \[\frac{\pi}{4} = 2^{k - 1}\arctan\left(\frac{1}{u_1}\right) + \arctan\left(\frac{1}{u_2}\right)\] with small Lehmer's measure $e \approx 0.245319$ and describe iteration…
Topological indices have been used to modeling biological and chemical properties of molecules in quantitive structure property relationship studies and quantitive structure activity studies. All the degree based topological indices have…
A sharper estimate for the summatory Euler phi function $\sum_{n \leq x} \varphi(n)$ is presented in this work. It improves the established estimate in the current mathematical literature. In addition, an estimate for its reciprocal…
Some properties of the periodic solution of the three-body problem where three particles of equal mass follow the same trajectory are discussed. This trajectory has the shape of a figure-8. The three particles have a constant separation in…
Geometric number systems, obtained by extending the real number system to include new anticommuting square roots of +1 and -1, provide a royal road to higher mathematics by largely sidestepping the tedious languages of tensor analysis and…
Soft set theory and rough set theory are mathematical tools to deal with uncertainties. In [3], authors combined these concepts and introduced soft rough sets. In this paper, we introduce the concepts of soft rough graphs, vertex and edge…
In this article we propose a new fractional derivative without singular kernel. We consider the potential application for modeling the steady heat-conduction problem. The analytical solution of the fractional-order heat flow is also…
Introduction of curvilinear coordinates might be very convenient in many cases. Theoretically, tensor analysis would be most suited. However, tensor notation can't be used in numerical procedure. For example, the strict discrimination of…
If $\mathcal{G}$ is the group (under composition) of diffeomorphisms $f : {\bar{D}}(0;1) \rightarrow {\bar{D}}(0;1)$ of the closed unit disc ${\bar{D}}(0;1)$ which are the identity map $id : {\bar{D}}(0;1) \rightarrow {\bar{D}}(0;1)$ on the…
A elementary proof of Fermat"s Last Theorem[1] is presented for the case of even exponents n=2q, where q is any integer, including 2. For even exponents, the proof of the theorem reduces to showing that solutions of the Pythagorean equation…
This paper is an invitation to the study and use of general theory of non-gaussian $r-$congruences in the theory of numbers. In this work we classify the two kinds of $r-$congruences that exist (namely the trivial and non-trivial types) and…
We introduced the concept of a metric value set (MVS) in an earlier paper \cite{GM}. In this paper we study the algebraic structure of MVSs. For an MVS $M$ we define the concept of $M$-metrizability of a topological space and prove some…
A vertex colouring of a given graph $G$ can be considered as a random experiment. A discrete random variable $X$, corresponding to this random experiment, can be defined as the colour of a randomly chosen vertex of $G$ and a probability…
If several independent algorithms for a computer-calculated quantity exist, then one can expect their results (which differ because of numerical errors) to follow approximately Gaussian distribution. The mean of this distribution,…