纯量子态的热力学第二定律
统计力学
2013-04-02 v3 量子物理
摘要
热力学第二定律的一种表述指出，无法通过循环操作降低孤立系统的能量。我们在不引入统计系综且仅借助量子力学的情况下证明了该定律。我们选择初始态为一个纯量子态，其能量接近 但并未过于尖锐地集中在能量本征值上。随后，在经过典型的“等待时间”后的任意幺正时间演化之后，观测到能量低于 的概率被证明是微不足道的。
引用
@article{arxiv.1303.6393,
title = {The second law of thermodynamics for pure quantum states},
author = {Sheldon Goldstein and Takashi Hara and Hal Tasaki},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1303.6393},
year = {2013}
}
备注
5 pages, endnotes [18], [20] are added for clarification in version 2. A major revision in version 3; the proof is drastically simplified, the discussion is extended, new references are added, and the two authors are added