相关论文: Improved Dirac quantization of a free particle

As a continuation of previous investigations, the formalism used there is extended to the case when an external electric field is present and the covariant formulation is performed again. The equation system obtained allows no restriction…

We provide a comprehensive classification of constraints and degrees of freedom for variational discrete systems governed by quadratic actions. This classification is based on the different types of null vectors of the Lagrangian two-form…

We review the Dirac formalism for dealing with constraints in a canonical Hamiltonian formulation and discuss gauge freedom and display constraints for gauge theories in a general context. We introduce the Dirac bracket and show that it…

We give a geometrical derivation of the Dirac equation by considering a spin-1/2 particle travelling with the speed of light in a cubic spacetime lattice. The mass of the particle acts to flip the multi-component wavefunction at the lattice…

In order to quantize systems involving second-class constraints, one should use Dirac bracket instead of Poisson bracket. Furthermore, one can specify a star product in which the term linear in $\hbar$ is proportional to the Dirac bracket.…

We review the Batalin-Tyutin approach of quantising second class systems which consists in enlarging the phase space to convert such systems into first class. The quantisation of first class systems, it may be mentioned, is already well…

The constrained Hamiltonian systems admitting no gauge conditions are considered. The methods to deal with such systems are discussed and developed. As a concrete application, the relationship between the Dirac and reduced phase space…

The traditional approach to accelerator optics, based mainly on classical mechanics, is working excellently from the practical point of view. However, from the point of view of curiosity, as well as with a view to explore quantitatively the…

Interest on 2 + 1 dimensional electron systems has increased considerably after the realization of novel properties of graphene sheets, in which the behaviour of electrons is effectively described by relativistic equations. Having this fact…

Using the example of a Dirac particle in external static fields, Dirac theory is reformulated as a one-particle quantum theory in the space of normalized two-component spinors. In this formulation, the Dirac operator ``splits'' into two…

The model of a classical particle with the weak linear AAD potential is subjected to path integral quantization. The light cone constraints and peculiar properies of its internal variables permit to use in calculations commutative dynamics…

Fermions are coupled to the Einstein-Cartan system in the canonical formulation, including the cosmological, the Barbero-Immirzi, and the non-minimal coupling constants. The resulting ten first-class constraints generate gauge…

I study the canonical formulation and quantization of some simple parametrized systems, including the non-relativistic parametrized particle and the relativistic parametrized particle. Using Dirac's formalism I construct for each case the…

In this work, we investigate a Lagrangian model describing a particle constrained to move along non-degenerate conic sections, parameterized by the orbital eccentricity \( e \). In the non-relativistic regime, we apply the Dirac--Bergmann…

Kinematics and dynamics of a particle moving on a torus knot poses an interesting problem as a constrained system. In the first part of the paper we have derived the modified symplectic structure or Dirac brackets of the above model in…

A new method to solve the Dirac equation on a 3D lattice is proposed, in which the variational collapse problem is avoided by the inverse Hamiltonian method and the fermion doubling problem is avoided by performing spatial derivatives in…

For a spin-1/2 particle moving in a background magnetic field in noncommutative phase space, Dirac equation is solved when the particle is allowed to move off the plane that the magnetic field is perpendicular to. It is shown that the…

We present a Lagrangian-Hamiltonian formalism of a moving dielectric sphere interacting with radiation fields. By including the interaction up to the first order in the speed of the sphere, we derive the Hamiltonian and perform quantization…

The field theory quantized on the {\it light-front} is compared with the conventional equal-time quantized theory. The arguments based on the {\it microcausality} principle imply that the light-front field theory may become nonlocal with…

The problem of quantizing a particle on a 2-sphere has been treated by numerous approaches, including Isham's global method based on unitary representations of a symplectic symmetry group that acts transitively on the phase space. Here we…