相关论文: Bypassing Pauli's theorem

Hamiltonian operators are gauge dependent. For overcome this difficulty we reexamined the effect of a gauge transformation on Schr\"odinger and Dirac equations. We show that the gauge invariance of the operator…

Within the framework of self-adjoint operator of time in non-relativistic quantum mechanics the equation describing change of the state of quantum system with respect to energy is introduced. The operator of time appears to be the generator…

An apparent paradox is resolved that concerns the existence of time operators which have been derived for the quantum harmonic oscillator. There is an apparent paradox because, although a time operator is canonically conjugate to the…

In quantum mechanics, time is introduced as a non-measurable quantity, as there is no possibility to build a hermitian operator canonically conjugated to the Hamiltonian. We cannot have, therefore, the time operator, which means that the…

We study the problem of computing the probability for the time-of-arrival of a quantum particle at a given spatial position. We consider a solution to this problem based on the spectral decomposition of the particle's (Heisenberg) state…

We study the properties of a quantum field with time as a dynamical variable. Temporal vibrations are introduced to restore the symmetry between time and space in a matter field. The system with vibrations of matter in time and space obeys…

A quantum mechanical theory is proposed which abandons an external parameter ``time'' in favor of a self-adjoint operator on a Hilbert space whose elements represent measurement events rather than system states. The standard quantum…

Some results are reviewed and developments are presented on the study of Time in quantum mechanics as an observable, canonically conjugate to energy. Operators for the observable Time are investigated in particle and photon quantum theory.…

It is shown that in presence of certain external fields a well defined self-adjoint time operator exists, satisfying the standard canonical commutation relations with the Hamiltonian. Examples include uniform electric and gravitational…

The standard formulation of quantum theory assumes a predefined notion of time. This is a major obstacle in the search for a quantum theory of gravity, where the causal structure of space-time is expected to be dynamical and fundamentally…

A modification of the covariant theory is proposed in which the self-energy of the system, corresponding to time-like degrees of freedom in the configuration space, preserves the classical law of change in quantum theory. As a result,…

We show that if space is compact, then trajectories cannot be defined in the framework of quantum Hamilton--Jacobi equation. The starting point is the simple observation that when the energy is quantized it is not possible to make…

We introduce a self-adjoint operator that indicates the direction of time within the framework of standard quantum mechanics. That is, as a function of time its expectation value decreases monotonically for any initial state. This operator…

If there exists a classical, i.e. deterministic theory underlying quantum mechanics, an explanation must be found of the fact that the Hamiltonian, which is defined to be the operator that generates evolution in time, is bounded from below.…

The usual quantum mechanics describes the mass eigenstates. To describe the proper-time eigenstates, a duality theory of the usual quantum mechanics was developed. The time interval is treated as an operator on an equal footing with the…

The unmodified Heisenberg-Pauli canonical formalism of quantum field theory applied to a self-interacting scalar boson field is shown to make sense mathematically in a framework of generalized functions adapted to nonlinear operations. The…

In quantum mechanics time usually appears as classical parameter which means that it is treated as being essentially different from spatial coordinates that are represented by operators. On the other hand, relativity theory demands to treat…

In classical physics there is a well-known theorem in which it is established that the energy per degree of freedom is the same. However, in quantum mechanics due to the non-commutativity of some pairs of observables and the possibility of…

We address the multiplicity of solutions to the time-energy canonical commutation relation for a given Hamiltonian. Specifically, we consider a particle spatially confined in a potential free interval, where it is known that two distinct…

We propose a new point of view regarding the problem of time in quantum mechanics, based on the idea of replacing the usual time operator $\mathbf{T}$ with a suitable real-valued function $T$ on the space of physical states. The proper…