相关论文: The problem of gauge invariance in Dirac field the…

A precise formulation of $U(1)$ local gauge invariance in QED is presented, which clearly shows that the gauge coupling associated with the unphysical longitudinal photon field is non-observable and actually has an arbitrary value. We then…

We examine the relation between Coulomb-gauge fields and the gauge-invariant fields constructed in the temporal gauge for two-color QCD by comparing a variety of properties, including their equal-time commutation rules and those of their…

As a general rule, it is considered that the global gauge invariance of an action integral does not cause the occurrence of gauge field. However, in this paper we demonstrate that when the so-called localized assumption is excluded, the…

We argue that the quantized non-Abelian gauge theory can be obtained as the infrared limit of the corresponding classical gauge theory in a higher dimension. We show how the transformation from classical to quantum field theory emerges, and…

Gauge invariance is essential for making physically meaningful predictions. In superconductors, mean-field Hamiltonians that explicitly break $U(1)$ symmetry often yield gauge-dependent results. While this issue has been resolved for linear…

As the theory is subject to a section condition, coordinates in double field theory do not represent physical points in an injective manner. We argue that a physical point should be rather one-to-one identified with a `gauge orbit' in the…

Gauge symmetries play a central role, both in the mathematical foundations as well as the conceptual construction of modern (particle) physics theories. However, it is yet unclear whether they form a necessary component of theories, or…

Gauge theories are formulated on the noncommutative two-sphere. These theories have only finite number of degrees of freedom, nevertheless they exhibit both the gauge symmetry and the SU(2) "Poincar\'e" symmetry of the sphere. In…

Some formulae for the perturbations of the matter fields are summarized within the framework of the second-order gauge-invariant cosmological perturbation theory in a four dimensional homogeneous isotropic universe, which is developed in…

Dirac's hole theory and quantum field theory are generally considered to be equivalent to each other. However, it has recently been shown that this is not necessarily the case. In this article we will discuss the reason for this lack of…

We elaborate the generalizations of the approach to gauge-invariant deformations of the gauge theories developed in our previous work [1]. In the given paper we construct the exact transformations defying the gauge-invariant deformed theory…

We argue that, ideally, the ways to measure magnitudes in non-quantum theories of physics (spacetime, field theory), limit drastically their possible mathematical models. In particular, gauge invariance in the Yang-Mills framework, is a…

A quantum scalar field theory with spacetime-dependent coupling is studied. Surprisingly, while translation invariance is explicitly broken in the classical theory, momentum conservation is recovered at the quantum level for some specific…

Our main interest here is to analyze the gauge invariance issue concerning the noncommutative relativistic particle. Since the analysis of the constraint set from Dirac's point of view classifies it as a second-class system, it is not a…

Physical systems may couple to other systems through variables that are not gauge invariant. When we split a gauge system into two subsystems, the gauge-invariant variables of the two subsystems have less information than the gauge…

Canonical Hamiltonian field theory in curved spacetime is formulated in a manifestly covariant way. Second quantization is achieved invoking a correspondence principle between the Poisson bracket of classical fields and the commutator of…

We propose a scheme leading to a non-perturbative definition of lattice field theories which are scale-invariant on the quantum level. A key idea of the construction is the replacement of the lattice spacing by a propagating dynamical field…

The relation between symmetry reduction before and after quantization of a field theory is discussed using a toy model: the axisymmetric Klein-Gordon field. We consider three possible notions of symmetry at the quantum level: invariance…

Adiabatic perturbations in the cosmology of a quintessential scalar field with exponential potential gravitationally coupled to radiation/matter are investigated in a gauge invariant formalism. The main question addressed in this paper is…

It is argued that the realization of gauge invariance condition as a consequent of cancellation between the \phi\to\gamma f0\to\gamma\pi0\pi0 resonance contribution and a \phi\to\gamma\pi0\pi0 background one, suggested in Ref. [1], is…