相关论文: The problem of gauge invariance in Dirac field the…

Any metric theory of gravity whose interaction with quantum particles is described by a covariant wave equation is equivalent to a vector theory that satisfies Maxwell-type equations identically. This result does not depend on any…

The use of proper time as a tool for causality implementation in field theory is clarified and extended to allow a manifestly covariant definition of discrete fields proper to be applied in field theory and quantum mechanics. It implies on…

When a quantum field theory has a symmetry, global or local like in gauge theories, in the tree or classical approximation formal manipulations lead to believe that the symmetry can also be implemented in the full quantum theory, provided…

In this article we consider the problem to what extent the motion of gauge-charged matter that generates the gravitational field can be arbitrary, as well as what equations are superimposed on the gauge field due to conditions of…

We investigate certain invariance properties of quantum fluids subject to a nonlinear gauge potential. In particular, we derive the covariant transformation laws for the nonlinear potentials under a space-time Galilean boost and consider…

It is shown that Connes' generalized gauge field in non-commutative geometry is derived by simply requiring that Dirac lagrangian be invariant under local transformations of the unitary elements of the algebra, which define the gauge group.…

In this paper the problem of the gauge in a bound state calculation is discussed. In particular, in order to verify the gauge invariance in the energy levels expansion, some set of gauge invariant contributions are given.

Since the particles such as molecules, atoms and nuclei are composite particles, it is important to recognize that physics must be invariant for the composite particles and their constituent particles, this requirement is called particle…

There is an incompatibility between gauge invariance and the semi-classical time-dependent perturbation theory commonly used to calculate light absorption and scattering cross-sections. There is an additional incompatibility between…

Gauge symmetries emerge from a redundant description of the effective action for light degrees of freedom after the decoupling of heavy modes. This redundant description avoids the use of explicit constraints in configuration space. For…

We study quantized Yang-Mills theory with massive vector fields in the framework of causal perturbation theory. The most general form of the interaction which is invariant under operator gauge transformations is pointed out. The generator…

We reconsider perturbative unitarity in quantum field theory and upgrade several arguments and results. The minimum assumptions that lead to the largest time equation, the cutting equations and the unitarity equation are identified. Using…

Quantum field theory (QFT) is supposed to be gauge invariant. However it has been well established that a direct calculation of the vacuum polarization tensor produces a non-gauge invariant result. In this paper it will be shown that this…

A new gauge theory of gravity is presented. The theory is constructed in a flat background spacetime and employs gauge fields to ensure that all relations between physical quantities are independent of the positions and orientations of the…

The proof of gauge invariance of the quantum electrodynamics of photons and electrons does not apply directly to the quantum electrodynamics of photons, electrons, and nuclei because multi-electron atoms belong to the space of asymptotic…

Thermodynamics is based on a coarse-grained approach, from which its fundamental variables emerge, effectively erasing the complicate details of the microscopic dynamics within a macroscopic system. The strength of Thermodynamics lies in…

Dirac's hole theory (HT) and quantum field theory (QFT) are generally considered to be equivalent to each other. However, it has been recently shown that for a time independent perturbation different results are obtained when the change in…

Based on the gauge invariant variables proposed in [K. Nakamura, Prog. Theor. Phys. vol.110 (2003), 723.], general framework of the second order gauge invariant perturbation theory on arbitrary background spacetime is considered. We derived…

We present a perturbative treatment of gravitational wave memory. The coordinate invariance of Einstein's equations leads to a type of gauge invariance in perturbation theory. As with any gauge invariant theory, results are more clear when…

We study the gauge invariant cosmological perturbations up to second order. We show that there are infinite families of gauge invariant variables at both of the first and second orders. The conversion formulae among different families are…