相关论文: The problem of gauge invariance in Dirac field the…
Quantum gauge theories with finite-dimensional representation spaces are constructed that can have canonical gauge field theories as singular limits. They describe nature as a recursive quantum assembly by iterating Fermi-Dirac…
Consideration of the Noether variational problem for any theory whose action is invariant under global and/or local gauge transformations leads to three distinct theorems. These include the familiar Noether theorem, but also two equally…
Diracs hole theory (HT) and quantum field theory (QFT) are generally considered to be equivalent to each other. However, it has been recently shown by several researchers that this is not necessarily the case. When the change in the vacuum…
Using the covariant approach and conformal transformations, we present a gauge-invariant formalism for cosmological perturbations in generalized Einstein theories (GETs), including the Brans-Dicke theory, theories with a non-minimally…
The problems which arise for a relativistic quantum mechanics are reviewed and critically examined in connection with the foundations of quantum field theory. The conflict between the quantum mechanical Hilbert space structure, the locality…
Gauge-invariant treatments of general-relativistic higher-order perturbations on generic background spacetime is proposed. We show the fact that the linear-order metric perturbation is decomposed into gauge-invariant and gauge-variant…
We consider full phase-space noncommutativity in the Dirac equation, and find that in order to preserve gauge invariance, configuration space noncommutativity must be dropped. The resulting space structure gives rise to a constant magnetic…
Viewing gravitational energy momentum $p_G^\mu$ as equal by observation, but different in essence from inertial energy-momentum $p_I^\mu$ requires two different symmetries to account for their independent conservations - spacetime and inner…
In particle physics, the fundamental forces are subject to symmetries called gauge invariance. It is a redundancy in the mathematical description of any physical system. In this article I will demonstrate that the transformer architecture…
Gauge-invariant perturbation theory for theories with a Brout-Englert-Higgs effect, as developed by Fr\"ohlich, Morchio and Strocchi, starts out from physical, exactly gauge-invariant quantities as initial and final states. These are…
It is noted that, in contrast to widespread believes, free fields do not only allow for global, but also for local gauge invariance.
The gauge symmetry is said unfree if the gauge transformation leaves the action functional unchanged provided for the gauge parameters are constrained by the system of partial differential equations. The best known example of this…
The Higgs mechanism gives mass to Yang-Mills gauge bosons. According to the conventional wisdom, this happens through the spontaneous breaking of gauge symmetry. Yet, gauge symmetries merely reflect a redundancy in the state description and…
Dirac's hole theory and quantum field theory are usually considered equivalent to each other. For models of a certain type, however, the equivalence may not hold as we discuss in this Letter. This problem is closely related to the validity…
A noncommutative and non-anticommutative quantum field theory is formulated in a superspace, in which the superspace coordinates satisfy noncommutative and non-anticommutative relations. A perturbative scalar field theory is investigated in…
Classically general covariance is found from the idea that a vector is a physical quantity which exists independently of choice of coordinate system and is unchanged by a change of coordinate system. It is often assumed that there exists…
Starting from relativistic quantum field theories, describing interacting nucleons and pions coupled to the dynamical electromagnetic field, the pion degrees of freedom are eliminated by means of functional integration. Apart from taking…
Gauge theories with finite gauge groups have applications to quantum simulation and quantum gravity. Recently, the exact number of gauge-invariant states was computed for pure gauge theories on arbitrary lattices. In this work, we…
We introduce a general approximation scheme in order to calculate gauge invariant observables in the canonical formulation of general relativity. Using this scheme we will show how the observables and the dynamics of field theories on a…
A standard tenet of canonical quantum gravity is that evolution generated by a Hamiltonian constraint is just a gauge transformation on the phase space and therefore does not change the physical state. The basis for this belief is a theorem…