相关论文: Entropy Decrease in Isolated Systems with an Inter…

Firstly, we calculate quantitatively decrease of entropy by the known formulas in the ordering phenomena and nucleation of thermodynamics of microstructure. They show again that a necessary condition of decrease of entropy in isolated…

We analytically describe the decay to equilibrium of generic observables of a non-integrable system after a perturbation in the form of a random matrix. We further obtain an analytic form for the time-averaged fluctuations of an observable…

The quantum Brownian motion of a single neutral particle with nonzero electric dipole moment placed in a photon gas at fixed temperature and close to a conducting wall is here examined. The interaction of the particle with the photon field…

In an isolated ideal Bose system with a fixed energy, the number of microstates depends solely on the configurations of bosons in excited states, implying zero entropy for particles in the ground state. When two such systems merge, the…

A possible mechanism leading to anomalous diffusion is the presence of long-range correlations in time between the displacements of the particles. Fractional Brownian motion, a non-Markovian self-similar Gaussian process with stationary…

We propose that a necessary condition of decrease of entropy in isolated system is existence of internal interactions. Then a theoretical development and some possible examples on decrease of entropy are researched. In quantum region, in…

We investigate the nonequilibrium steady-state thermodynamics of single Brownian macromolecules with inertia under feedback control in isothermal ambient fluid. With the control being represented by a velocity-dependent external force, we…

We test Boltzmann's H-theorem for several models of particle random walk. We study the influence of interaction between the particle and reservoir/detectors on entropy and find entropy increasing in time for some models and behaving…

We develop a minimal theoretical model that reveals a structured steady-state flux field with four alternating local circulation, a phenomenon we refer to as quadrupolar gyration. A passive Brownian particle is confined to move in a…

In contrast with a gas at thermodynamic equilibrium, the mean force exerted on a wall by a gas of active particles usually depends on the confining potential, thereby preventing a proper definition of mechanical pressure. In this paper, we…

Why can the world resist the law of entropy increase and produce self-organizing structure? Does the entropy of an isolated system always only increase and never decrease? Can be thermodymamic degradation and self-organizing evolution…

We derive a model that describes the motion of a Brownian particle in a system which is dominated by gravitational forces. An example of such a system is a massive black hole immersed in a cluster of stars. We compute the dispersion in the…

Entropy production in stochastic mechanical systems is examined here with strict bounds on its rate. Stochastic mechanical systems include pure diffusions in Euclidean space or on Lie groups, as well as systems evolving on phase space for…

The expressions for entropy production, free energy, and entropy extraction rates are derived for a Brownian particle that walks in an underdamped medium. Our analysis indicates that as long as the system is driven out of equilibrium, it…

Thermally activated escape of a Brownian particle over a potential barrier is well understood within Kramers theory. When subjected to an external magnetic field, the Lorentz force slows down the escape dynamics via a rescaling of the…

In this paper we analyze the entropy and entropy production of a non-isolated quantum system described within the quantum Brownian motion framework. This is a very general and paradigmatic framework for describing non-isolated quantum…

The chemical reactions are very complex, and include oscillation, condensation, catalyst and self-organization, etc. In these case changes of entropy may increase or decrease. The second law of thermodynamics is based on an isolated system…

The Brownian motion of a harmonically bound quantum particle and coupled to a harmonic quantum bath is exactly solvable. At low enough temperatures the stationary state is non-Gibbsian due to an entanglement with the bath. This happens when…

In this contribution we show that a suitably defined nonequilibrium entropy of an N-body isolated system is not a constant of the motion in general and its variation is bounded, the bounds determined by the thermodynamic entropy, i.e., the…

Efficiency of a Brownian particle moving along the axis of a three-dimensional asymmetric periodic channel is investigated in the presence of a symmetric unbiased force and a load. Reduction of the spatial dimensionality from two or three…