相关论文: How to Describe Photons as (3+1)-Solitons?

This paper aims to give explicitly all non-linear vacuum solutions to our non-linear field equations, and to define in a coordinate free manner the important subclass of non-linear solutions, which we call almost photon-like. By means of a…

This paper summarizes the motivations and results obtained so far in the frame of a particular non-linearization of Classical Electrodynamics, which was called Extended Electrodynamics. The main purpose pursued with this non-linear…

This paper presents a brief review of the newly developed \emph{Extended Electrodynamics}. The relativistic and non-relativistic approaches to the extension of Maxwell equations are considered briefly, and the further study is carried out…

This paper aims to present explicit photon-like (3+1) spatially finite soliton solutions of screw type to the vacuum field equations of Extended Electrodynamics (EED) in relativistic formulation. We begin with emphasizing the need for…

This paper aims to present an elaborate view on the motivation and realization of the idea to extend Maxwell's electrodynamics to Extended Electrodynamics in a reasonable and appropriate way in order to make it possible to describe…

It is shown that electrons and photons can be considered as composities of particles representating the fundamental representation of the extended Lorentz group $SU(3)\otimes SU(3)$ in (8+1) dimensional space-time which are held together by…

The classical electromagnetic field of a spinless point electron is described in a formalism with extended causality by discrete finite point-vector fields with discrete and localized point interactions. These fields are taken as a…

I introduce a spinor field theory for the photon. The three-dimensional vector electromagnetic field and the four-dimensional vector potential are components of this spinor photon field. A spinor equation for the photon field is derived…

Static, cylindrically symmetric solutions to nonlinear scalar-Einstein equations are considered. Regularity conditions on the symmetry axis and flat or string asymptotic conditions are formulated in order to select soliton-like solutions.…

In the theory of modern physics, such as in relativity and quantum mechanics, the three-dimensionality of space is introduced as a presupposed fact. The three-dimensionality of particle motion, that is, the three-dimensionality of particle…

We describe the electromagnetic field by the massless limit of a massive vector field in the presence of a Coulomb gauge fixing term. The gauge fixing term ensures that, in the massless limit, the longitudinal mode is removed from the…

The classical electromagnetic field of a spinless point electron is described in a formalism with extended causality by discrete finite transverse point-vector fields with discrete and localized point interactions. These fields are taken as…

We demonstrate that the commonly known concept, which treats solitons as nonsingular solutions produced by the interplay of nonlinear self-attraction and linear dispersion, may be extended to include modes with a relatively weak singularity…

Tachyons or hypothetical faster-than-light (FTL) particles would fail the principle of causality. Such particles may only be imagined when they have no energy and momentum and, thus, no observable interaction. In this paper, we show that…

Electromagnetism is the energy originating from an electric charge. Our purpose is to enlarge Maxwell. Include the charge transfer phenomenology. A four bosons electromagnetism is derived. An EM completeness is achieved. The charge's set…

Based on the analysis of biquaternion quadratic forms of field, it is shown that Maxwell equations arise as a consequence of the principle of conservation of the energy-momentum flow of field in space-time. It turns out that this principle…

Photons are elementary particles of lights, which have both spin and orbital angular momentum as internal degrees of freedom. Nature of spin is known as polarisation, which is widely used for sunglasses, liquid-crystal displays,…

In this work, the relativistic non-standard Lagrangian densities (k-fields) with massless solutions are generally introduced. Such solutions are not necessarily energetically stable. However, in 3+1 dimensions, we introduce a new k-field…

In our paper we pay attention to the problem of uniqueness (classification) of higher-dimensional electro-magnetic static, asymptotically flat, non-extremal solutions of multi-dimensional Einstein (n-2)-form gauge field gravity theory,…

A symmetry analysis is presented for the three-dimensional nonrelativistic motion of charged particles in arbitrary stationary electromagnetic fields. The general form of the Lie point symmetries is found along with the fields that respect…