相关论文: The Error in the Two Envelopes Paradox

A "Two-Spaceship Paradox" in special relativity is resolved and discussed. We demonstrate a nonstandard resolution to the "two-spaceship paradox" by explicit calculation using Generalized Principle of limiting 4-dimensional symmetry…

The concept of paradeduction is presented in order to justify that we can overlook contradictory information taking into account only what is consistent. Besides that, paradeduction is used to show that there is a way to transform any…

The issue of the Gibbs paradox is that when considering mixing of two gases within classical thermodynamics, the entropy of mixing appears to be a discontinuous function of the difference between the gases: it is finite for whatever small…

A new paradox in superluminal signaling is presented. In contrast to the Tolman paradox with tachyon exchange between two parties, the new paradox appears already in a one-way signaling, even without creating the time loop. As shown in the…

The lack of uniqueness arising by oversampling of Fourier coefficients is shown to provide a way of transmitting hidden information. A basic encoding/decoding system, developed on the basis of such a possibility, is discussed. The system is…

This paper introduces the basic concepts of information theory. Based on these concepts, we regard the states in the state space and the types of ideal gases as the symbols in a symbol set to calculate the mixing entropy of ideal gas…

In the standard formulation of the twin paradox an accelerated twin considers himself as at rest and his brother as moving. Hence, when formulating the twin paradox, one uses the general principle of relativity, i.e. that accelerated and…

For more than a century, physics has known of a puzzling conflict between the T-asymmetry of thermodynamic phenomena and the T-symmetry of the underlying microphysics on which these phenomena depend. This paper provides a guide to the…

It was recently shown \cite{opposite} that systems with opposite thermodynamic arrows of time could have moderate mutual interaction with neither destroying the order of the other. Such interaction includes signaling. Signals, however, may…

The aim of this paper is to provide a logic-based conceptual analysis of the twin paradox (TwP) theorem within a first-order logic framework. A geometrical characterization of TwP and its variants is given. It is shown that TwP is not…

For a newcomer, paraconsistent logics can be difficult to grasp. Even experts in logic can find the concept of paraconsistency to be suspicious or misguided, if not actually wrong. The problem is that although they usually have much in…

The Fermi paradox is the conflict between an expectation of a high {\em ex ante} probability of intelligent life elsewhere in the universe and the apparently lifeless universe we in fact observe. The expectation that the universe should be…

The classical logical antinomy known as Richard-Berry paradox is combined with plausible assumptions about the size i.e. the descriptional complexity of Turing machines formalizing certain sentences, to show that formalization of language…

Paradoxes are interesting puzzles in philosophy and mathematics, and they could be even more fascinating, when turned into proofs and theorems. For example, Liar's paradox can be translated into a propositional tautology, and Barber's…

Simpson's Paradox is a well-known phenomenon in statistical science, where the relationship between the response variable $X$ and a certain explanatory factor of interest $A$ reverses when an additional factor $B_1$ is considered. This…

The halting problem is considered to be an essential part of the theoretical background to computing. That halting is not in general computable has supposedly been proved in many text books and taught on many computer science courses, in…

Why do people who disagree about one subject tend to disagree about other subjects as well? In this paper, we introduce a model to explore this phenomenon of "epistemic factionization". Agents attempt to discover the truth about multiple…

Argumentation is the process of constructing arguments about propositions, and the assignment of statements of confidence to those propositions based on the nature and relative strength of their supporting arguments. The process is modelled…

In this paper, we present a preliminary work on an approach to fill the gap between logic-based argumentation and the numerous approaches to tackle the dynamics of abstract argumentation frameworks. Our idea is that, even when arguments and…

We apply the notion of 2-extensions of algebras to the deformation theory of algebras. After standard results on butterflies between 2-extensions, we use this (2, 0)-category to give three perspectives on the deformation theory of algebras.…