相关论文: Increased Crowding during Escape Panic and Suitabl…

Understanding the collective dynamics of crowd movements during stressful emergency situations is central to reducing the risk of deadly crowd disasters. Yet, their systematic experimental study remains a challenging open problem due to…

In this survey we consider mathematical models and methods recently developed to control crowd dynamics, with particular emphasis on egressing pedestrians. We focus on two control strategies: The first one consists in using special agents,…

This research explores the dynamics of emergency evacuations in the presence of social groups. The investigation was carried out in the context of the basic Social Force Model (SFM). We included attractive feelings between people belonging…

We report the phenomenon of symmetry breaking in ants escaping under panic. Ants confined into a cell with two symmetrically located exits use both exits in approximately equal proportions to abandon the cell in normal conditions, but…

The theory of a jamming transition is proposed for the homogeneous car-following model within the framework of Lorenz scheme. We represent a jamming transition as a result of the spontaneous deviations of headway and velocity that is caused…

Instances of casualties resulting from large crowds persist, highlighting the existing limitations of current crowd management practices in Smart Cities. One notable drawback is the insufficient provision for disadvantaged individuals who…

The emergence of collective motion, also known as flocking or swarming, in groups of moving individuals who orient themselves using only information from their neighbors is a very general phenomenon that is manifested at multiple spatial…

We study a single-lane traffic model that is based on human driving behavior. The outflow from a traffic jam self-organizes to a critical state of maximum throughput. Small perturbations of the outflow far downstream create emergent traffic…

Collective behavior of people in large groups and emergent crowd dynamics can have dangerous and disastrous results when panic is introduced. These events can be caused by emergency situations such as fires in a large building or a…

We present in this paper the behavior of an artificial agent who is a member of a crowd. The behavior is based on the social comparison theory, as well as the trajectory mapping towards an agent's goal considering the agent's field of…

The growth of the number of people in the monitoring scene may increase the probability of security threat, which makes crowd counting more and more important. Most of the existing approaches estimate the number of pedestrians within one…

This article presents an interdisciplinary study of physical and social psychological effects on crowd dynamics based on a series of bottleneck experiments. Bottlenecks are of particular interest for applications such as crowd management…

One of the most highly debated questions in the field of animal swarming and social behaviour, is the collective random patterns and chaotic behaviour formed by some animal species, in particular if there is a danger. Is such a behaviour…

A recent study [D. Helbing, A. Johansson and H. Z. Al-Abideen, {\it Phys. Rev. E} 75, 046109 (2007)] has revealed a "turbulent" state of pedestrian flows, which is characterized by sudden displacements and causes the falling and trampling…

It is common for large crowds to gather to attend games, exhibitions, political rallies, and other events. Thus, careful designs and operational plans are made to ensure the safe, secure, and efficient movement of people in these crowded…

We study the dynamics of pedestrian evacuations through a narrow doorway by means of controlled experiments. The influence of the pedestrians' behaviours is investigated by prescribing a selfish attitude to a fraction c\_s of the…

A control strategy is employed that modifies the stochastic escape times from one basin of attraction to another in a model of a double-gyre flow. The system studied captures the behavior of a large class of fluid flows that circulate and…

Although cooperation is central to the organisation of many social systems, relatively little is known about cooperation in situations of collective emergency. When groups of people flee from a danger such as a burning building or a…

Pushes, falls, stampedes, and crushes are safety hazards that emerge from the collective motion of crowds, but might be avoided by better design and guidance. While pedestrian dynamics are now getting better understood on the whole, complex…

Increasing the crowding in an environment does not necessarily trigger negative differential mobility of strongly pushed particles. Moreover, the choice of the model, in particular the kind of microscopic jump rates, may be very relevant in…