相关论文: Gauge Invariance in Classical Electrodynamics

The aim of the present article is to give physical meaning to the ingredients of standard gauge field theory in the framework of the scale relativity theory. Owing to the principle of the relativity of scales, the scale-space is not…

We show how to obtain all covariant field equations for massless particles of arbitrary integer, or half-integer, helicity in four dimensions from the quantization of the rigid particle, whose action is given by the integrated extrinsic…

A general method is presented to build all gauge-invariant terms in gauge field theories, including quantum electrodynamics and quantum chromodynamics. It is applied to two experiments, light-by-light scattering and deep inelastic…

Causality in electrodynamics is a subject of some confusion, especially regarding the application of Faraday's law and the Ampere-Maxwell law. This has led to the suggestion that we should not teach students that electric and magnetic…

In this paper we have obtained several new results concerning the X-boson, which is being considered recently as one of the main candidate of the dark matter particle content. The classical electrodynamics for the X-boson model was explored…

We find general non-linear lagrangians of a U(1) field invariant under electric-magnetic duality. They are characterized by an arbitrary function and go to the Maxwell theory in the weak field limit. We give some explicit examples which are…

Soon after the Yang-Mills work, the gauge invariance became one of the basic principles in the elementary particles theory. The gauge invariance idea is that Lagrangian has to be invariant not only with respect to the coordinates…

Duality is one of the oldest known symmetries of Maxwell equations. In recent years the significance of duality symmetry has been recognized in superstrings and high energy physics and there has been a renewed interest on the question of…

We study the plane (not necessarily monochromatic) gravitational waves at nonlinear quadratic order on a flat background in vacuum. We show that, in the harmonic gauge, the nonlinear waves are unstable. We argue that, at this order, this…

One of the main features of covariant theories, in particular general relativity, is that the field equation possesses gauge freedom associated with global diffeomorphisms of the underlying manifold. I shall explain here how the hole…

We are taught that gauge transformations in classical and quantum mechanics do not change the physics of the problem. Nevertheless here we discuss three broad scenarios where under gauge transformations: (i) conservation laws are not…

In this work we revisit the process of constructing wave equations for the scalar and vector potentials of an electromagnetic field, and show that a wave equation with an arbitrary velocity (including a velocity higher than the velocity of…

The standard approach to Higgs mechanism is based on the existence of unitary gauge but, unfortunately, it does not come from a coordinate change in the configuration space of the initial model and actually defines a new dynamical system.…

It is widely believed that classical electromagnetism is either unphysical or inconsistent, owing to pathological behavior when self-force and radiation reaction are non-negligible. We argue that there is no inconsistency as long as it is…

It is shown that space-time dependent gauge couplings do not completely break gauge invariance. We demonstrate this in various gauge theories.

Due to proton spin crisis it is necessary to understand the gauge invariant definition of the spin and orbital angular momentum of the quark and gluon from first principle. In this paper we derive the gauge invariant Noether's theorem by…

Maxwell's equations cannot describe a homogeneous and isotropic universe with a uniformly distributed net charge, because the electromagnetic field tensor in such a universe must be vanishing everywhere. For a closed universe with a nonzero…

We examine Podolsky's electrodynamics, which is noninvariant under the usual duality transformation. We deduce a generalization of Hodge's star duality, which leads to a dual gauge field and restores to a certain extent the dual symmetry.…

A fully relativistically covariant formulation of the classical Maxwell electrodynamics of an arbitrarily-moving point charge is presented, purely in terms of gauge invariant potentials without entailing any gauge fixing. A new,…

A system of equations, describing the evolution of electromagnetic fields, is introduced and discussed. The model is strictly related to Maxwell's equations. As a matter of fact, the Lagrangian is the same, but the variations are subjected…