相关论文: Frequentist Hypothesis Testing with Background Unc…

A combination of deep reinforcement learning and supervised learning is proposed for the problem of active sequential hypothesis testing in completely unknown environments. We make no assumptions about the prior probability, the action and…

Bayesian analyses require that all variable model parameters are given a prior probability distribution. This can pose a challenge for analyses where multiple experiments are combined if these experiments use different parametrisations for…

We describe a statistical hypothesis test for the presence of a signal based on the likelihood ratio statistic. We derive the test for a special case of interest. We study extensions of the test to cases where there are multiple channels…

The determination of the fundamental parameters of the Standard Model (and its extensions) is often limited by the presence of statistical and theoretical uncertainties. We present several models for the latter uncertainties (random,…

The following zero-sum game between nature and a statistician blends Bayesian methods with frequentist methods such as p-values and confidence intervals. Nature chooses a posterior distribution consistent with a set of possible priors. At…

Necessary and sufficient conditions of uniform consistency are explored. A hypothesis is simple. Nonparametric sets of alternatives are bounded convex sets in $\mathbb{L}_p$, $p >1$ with "small" balls deleted. The "small" balls have the…

We extend the use of Classification Without Labels for anomaly detection with a hypothesis test designed to exclude the background-only hypothesis. By testing for statistical independence of the two discriminating dataset regions, we are…

Particle physics experiments such as those run in the Large Hadron Collider result in huge quantities of data, which are boiled down to a few numbers from which it is hoped that a signal will be detected. We discuss a simple probability…

We consider a problem of simple hypothesis testing using a randomized test via a tunable loss function proposed by Liao \textit{et al}. In this problem, we derive results that correspond to the Neyman--Pearson lemma, the Chernoff--Stein…

In applied settings, tests of hypothesis where a nuisance parameter is only identifiable under the alternative often reduces into one of Testing One Hypothesis Multiple times (TOHM). Specifically, a fine discretization of the space of the…

We propose a new scientific application of unsupervised learning techniques to boost our ability to search for new phenomena in data, by detecting discrepancies between two datasets. These could be, for example, a simulated standard-model…

Background channels with their expected strength and uncertainty levels are usually known in searches of novel phenomena prior to the experiments are conducted at their design stage. We quantitatively study the projected sensitivities in…

We present a universal method to include residual un-modeled background shape uncertainties in likelihood based statistical tests for high energy physics and astroparticle physics. This approach provides a simple and natural protection…

The experimental issue of the search for new particles of unknown mass poses the challenge of exploring a wide interval to look for the usual signatures represented by excess of events above the background. A side effect of such a broad…

We propose using a Bayes procedure with uniform improper prior to determine credible belts for the mean of a Poisson distribution in the presence of background and for the continuous problem of measuring a non-negative quantity $\theta$…

We consider the power to reject false values of the parameter in Frequentist methods for the calculation of confidence intervals. We connect the power with the physical significance (reliability) of confidence intervals for a parameter…

The problem of verifying whether a multi-component system has anomalies or not is addressed. Each component can be probed over time in a data-driven manner to obtain noisy observations that indicate whether the selected component is…

This paper examines signal detection in the presence of noise, with a particular emphasis to the nuclear activation analysis. The problem is to decide what between the signal-plus-background and no-signal hypotheses fits better the data and…

This paper provides a statistical analysis of three common methods of regression for Poisson data in the presence of Poisson background, namely the joint fit with two parametric models for the source and the background, the use of a…

A standard practice in statistical hypothesis testing is to mention the p-value alongside the accept/reject decision. We show the advantages of mentioning an e-value instead. With p-values, it is not clear how to use an extreme observation…