相关论文: Virtual strings

A pseudodiagram is a diagram of a knot with some crossing information missing. We review and expand the theory of pseudodiagrams introduced by R. Hanaki. We then extend this theory to the realm of virtual knots, a generalization of knots.…

We discuss different formulations and approaches to string theory and $ 2d$ quantum gravity. The generic idea to get a unique description of {\it many} different string vacua altogether is demonstrated on the examples in $ 2d$ conformal,…

A string field theory including open string fields is constructed in the temporal gauge. It consists of string interaction vertices similar to the light-cone gauge string field theory. A slight modification of the definition of the time…

In this paper we prove that a graph is a string graph (the intersection graph of curves in the plane) if and only if it admits a drawing in the plane with certain properties. This also allows us to define an algebraic obstruction, similar…

At the classical level we study open bosonic strings. A generic description of string self-interactions localized at string ends is given. Self-interactions are characterized by two dimensionless coupling constants. The model is rewritten…

By adding or removing appropriate structures to Gauss diagram, one can create useful objects related to virtual links. In this paper few objects of this kind are studied: twisted virtual links generalizing virtual links; signed chord…

A string-net model associates a vector space to a surface in terms of graphs decorated by objects and morphisms of a pivotal fusion category modulo local relations. String-net models are usually considered for spherical fusion categories,…

Marked vertex diagrams provide a combinatorial way to represent knotted surfaces in $\mathbb{R}^4$; including virtual crossings allows for a theory of virtual knotted surfaces and virtual cobordisms. Biquandle counting invariants are…

String field theory is a candidate for a full non-perturbative definition of string theory. We aim to define string field theory on a space-time lattice to investigate its behaviour at the quantum level. Specifically, we look at string…

We discuss Vassiliev invariants for virtual knots, expanding upon the theory of quantum virtual knot invariants developed in arXiv:1509.00578. In particular, following the theory of quantum invariants we work with 'rotational' virtual…

String art is an arrangement of pegs on a board with thread strung between these pegs to form beautiful geometric patterns. In this article, we consider a simple form of string art where pegs are placed on two diverging axes, and segments…

The effect of the Gaussian curvature in the rigid string action on the interquark potential is investigated. The linearized equations of motion and boundary conditions, following from the modified string action, are obtained. The equation,…

The tensionless limit of classical string theory may be formulated as a topological theory on the world-sheet. A vector density carries geometrical information in place of an internal metric. It is found that path-integral quantization…

String breaking is a central dynamical process in theories featuring confinement, where a string connecting two charges decays at the expense of the creation of new particle-antiparticle pairs. Here, we show that this process can also be…

An outerstring graph is an intersection graph of curves that lie in a common half-plane and have one endpoint on the boundary of that half-plane. We prove that the class of outerstring graphs is $\chi$-bounded, which means that their…

Virtual knots, defined by Kauffman, provide a natural generalization of classical knots. Most invariants of knots extend in a natural way to give invariants of virtual knots. In this paper we study the fundamental groups of virtual knots…

We give a combinatorial description of closed curves on oriented surfaces in terms of certain permutations, called charts. We describe automorphisms of curves in terms of charts and compute the total number of curves counted with…

We study invariants of virtual graphoids, which are virtual spatial graph diagrams with two distinguished degree-one vertices modulo graph Reidemeister moves applied away from the distinguished vertices. Generalizing previously known…

These notes are devoted to the intriguing and still largely unexplored links between String Theory and Higher Spins, the types of excitations that lie behind its most cherished properties. A closer look at higher-spin fields provides some…

Mosaic diagrams for knots were first introduced in 2008 by Lomanoco and Kauffman for the purpose of building a quantum knot system. Since then, many others have explored the structure of these knot mosaic diagrams, as they are interesting…