相关论文: The Combinatorics of Iterated Loop Spaces
Operads were originally defined as V-operads, that is, enriched in a symmetric or braided monoidal category V. The symmetry or braiding in V is required in order to describe the associativity axiom the operads must obey, as well as the…
Operads are algebraic devices offering a formalization of the concept of operations with several inputs and one output. Such operations can be naturally composed to form bigger and more complex ones. Coming historically from algebraic…
A general notion of operad is given, which includes as instances, the operads originally conceived to study loop spaces, as well as the higher operads that arise in the globular approach to higher dimensional algebra. In the framework of…
Higher homotopies are nowadays playing a prominent role in mathematics as well as in certain branches of theoretical physics. We recall some of the connections between the past and the present developments. Higher homotopies were isolated…
This paper provides some background to the theory of operads, used in the first author's papers on 2d topological field theory (hep-th/921204, CMP 159 (1994), 265-285; hep-th/9305013). It is intended for specialists.
This is an expository article about operads in homotopy theory written as a chapter for an upcoming book. It concentrates on what the author views as the basic topics in the homotopy theory of operadic algebras: the definition of operads,…
We endow categories of non-symmetric operads with natural model structures. We work with no restriction on our operads and only assume the usual hypotheses for model categories with a symmetric monoidal structure. We also study categories…
The classical Eckmann-Hilton argument shows that two monoid structures on a set, such that one is a homomorphism for the other, coincide and, moreover, the resulting monoid is commutative. This argument immediately gives a proof of the…
The main ideas developed in this habilitation thesis consist in endowing combinatorial objects (words, permutations, trees, Young tableaux, etc.) with operations in order to construct algebraic structures. This process allows, by studying…
We introduce an explicit combinatorial characterization of the minimal model ${\cal O}_{\infty}$ of the coloured operad ${\cal O}$ encoding non-symmetric operads. In our description of ${\cal O}_{\infty}$, the spaces of operations are…
Motivated by the operad built from moduli spaces of Riemann surfaces, we consider a general class of operads in the category of spaces that satisfy certain homological stability conditions. We prove that such operads are infinite loop space…
We study homotopy-coherent commutative multiplicative structures on equivariant spaces and spectra. We define N-infinity operads, equivariant generalizations of E-infinity operads. Algebras in equivariant spectra over an N-infinity operad…
A combinatorial theory of associative $n$-categories has recently been proposed, with strictly associative and unital composition in all dimensions, and the weak structure arising as a combinatorial notion of homotopy with a natural…
This survey provides an elementary introduction to operads and to their applications in homotopical algebra. The aim is to explain how the notion of an operad was prompted by the necessity to have an algebraic object which encodes higher…
This paper is an introduction to a series of papers in which we give combinatorial models for certain important operads (including A-infinity and E-infinity operads, the little n-cubes operads, and the framed little disks operad) and…
It is well known that the forgetful functor from symmetric operads to nonsymmetric operads has a left adjoint $Sym_1$ given by product with the symmetric group operad. It is also well known that this functor does not affect the category of…
Higher-dimensional category theory is the study of n-categories, operads, braided monoidal categories, and other such exotic structures. It draws its inspiration from areas as diverse as topology, quantum algebra, mathematical physics,…
We introduce a functorial construction which, from a monoid, produces a set-operad. We obtain new (symmetric or not) operads as suboperads or quotients of the operads obtained from usual monoids such as the additive and multiplicative…
The purpose of this foundational paper is to introduce various notions and constructions in order to develop the homotopy theory for differential graded operads over any ring. The main new idea is to consider the action of the symmetric…
The notion of (symmetric) coloured operad or "multicategory" can be obtained from the notion of commutative algebra through a certain general process which we call "theorization" (where our term comes from an analogy with William Lawvere's…