相关论文: On the Definition of Averagely Trapped Surfaces
Marginally outer trapped surfaces (also referred to as apparent horizons) that are stable in 3-dimensional initial data sets obeying the dominant energy condition strictly are known to satisfy an area bound. The main purpose of this note is…
I review the definition and types of (closed) trapped surfaces. Surprising global properties are shown, such as their "clairvoyance" and the possibility that they enter into flat portions of the spacetime. Several results on the interplay…
Eight different refinements of trapped surfaces are proposed, of three basic types, each intended as potential stability conditions. Minimal trapped surfaces are strictly minimal with respect to the dual expansion vector. Outer trapped…
The concept of closed trapped surface is of paramount importance in General Relativity and other gravitational theories. However, it is a purely geometrical object. With the aim of bringing this concept to closer attention by the…
In this paper, we perform a detailed investigation on the various geometrical properties of trapped surfaces and the boundaries of trapped region in general relativity. This treatment extends earlier work on LRS II spacetimes to a general 4…
Roger Penrose introduced the concept of the trapped surface: a spacelike hypersurface where the two null normals have negative expansion. The trapped surface along with the null convergence condition leads to null geodesic incompleteness.…
Consider spherically symmetric initial data for a cosmology which, in the large, approximates an open $k = -1 ,\Lambda = 0$ Friedmann-Lema{\^\i}tre universe. Further assume that the data is chosen so that the trace of the extrinsic…
This article gives necessary and sufficient conditions for the formation of trapped surfaces in spherically symmetric initial data defined on a closed manifold. Such trapped surfaces surround a region in which there occurs an enhancement of…
We discuss a family of inequalities involving the area, angular momentum and charges of stably outermost marginally trapped surfaces in generic non-vacuum dynamical spacetimes, with non-negative cosmological constant and matter sources…
A marginally trapped surface in the four-dimensional Minkowski space is a spacelike surface whose mean curvature vector is lightlike at each point. In the present paper we find all marginally trapped surfaces with pointwise 1-type Gauss…
It is a standard fact that trapped or marginally trapped surfaces are not visible from conformal infinity, under the usual set of conditions on matter fields and the conformal completion, provided that the cosmological constant is…
We investigate the formation of trapped surfaces in cosmological spacetimes, using constant mean curvature slicing. Quantitative criteria for the formation of trapped surfaces demonstrate that cosmological regions enclosed by trapped…
A marginally outer trapped hypersurface is a generalization of minimal hypersurfaces originated from general relativity. We show a curvature estimate for stable marginally outer trapped hypersurfaces up to the free boundary satisfying a…
We define the coarse-grained entropy of a `normal' surface $\sigma$, i.e., a surface that is neither trapped nor antitrapped. Following Engelhardt and Wall, the entropy is defined in terms of the area of an auxiliary extremal surface. This…
The aim of this paper is to extend some basic results about marginally outer trapped surfaces to the context of surfaces having general null expansion. Motivated in part by recent work of Chai-Wan, we introduce the notion of…
Trapped surfaces are studied as inner boundary for the Einstein vacuum constraint equations. The trapped surface condition can be written as a non linear boundary condition for these equations. Under appropriate assumptions, we prove…
This paper considers some fundamental questions concerning marginally trapped surfaces, or apparent horizons, in Cauchy data sets for the Einstein equation. An area estimate for outermost marginally trapped surfaces is proved. The proof…
Recently a simple proof of the generalizations of Hawking's black hole topology theorem and its application to topological black holes for higher dimensional ($n\geq 4$) spacetimes was given \cite{rnew}. By applying the associated new line…
A very simple criterion to ascertain if (D-2)-surfaces are trapped in arbitrary D-dimensional Lorentzian manifolds is given. The result is purely geometric, independent of the particular gravitational theory, of any field equations or of…
A marginally trapped surface in a spacetime is a Riemannian surface whose mean curvature vector is lightlike at every point. In this paper we give an up-to-date overview of the differential geometric study of these surfaces in Minkowski, de…