相关论文: Complexity of Two-Dimensional Patterns

We introduce languages of higher-dimensional automata (HDAs) and develop some of their properties. To this end, we define a new category of precubical sets, uniquely naturally isomorphic to the standard one, and introduce a notion of event…

A new class of deterministic dynamical systems, termed semipredictable dynamical systems, is presented. The spatiotemporal evolution of these systems have both predictable and unpredictable traits, as found in natural complex systems. We…

A digit function is presented which provides the $i$th-digit in base $p$ of any real number $x$. By means of this function, formulated within $\mathcal{B}$-calculus, the local, nonlocal and global dynamical behaviors of cellular automata…

The complexity of cellular automata is traditionally measured by their computational capacity. However, it is difficult to choose a challenging set of computational tasks suitable for the parallel nature of such systems. We study the…

In a variety of studies of dynamical systems, the edge of order and chaos has been singled out as a region of complexity. It was suggested by Wolfram, on the basis of qualitative behaviour of cellular automata, that the computational basis…

The generic limit set of a dynamical system is the smallest set that attracts most of the space in a topological sense: it is the smallest closed set with a comeager basin of attraction. Introduced by Milnor, it has been studied in the…

A $d$-limited automaton is a Turing machine that may rewrite each input cell at most~$d$ times. Hibbard (1967) showed that for every $d \geq 2$ such automata recognize all context-free languages and that deterministic $d$-limited automata…

Infinite words, also known as streams, hold significant interest in computer science and mathematics, raising the natural question of how their complexity should be measured. We introduce cellular automaton reducibility as a measure of…

A simple mechanism for the emergence of complexity in cellular automata out of predictable dynamics is described. This leads to unfold the concept of conditional predictability for systems whose trajectory can only be piecewise known. The…

Automata networks are a versatile model of finite discrete dynamical systems composed of interacting entities (the automata), able to embed any directed graph as a dynamics on its space of configurations (the set of vertices, representing…

This paper presents a classification of Cellular Automata rules based on its properties at the nth iteration. Elaborate computer program has been designed to get the nth iteration for arbitrary 1-D or 2-D CA rules. Studies indicate that the…

Algorithms which learn environments represented by automata in the past have had complexity scaling with the number of states in the automaton, which can be exponentially large even for automata recognizing regular expressions with a small…

The model of cellular automata is fascinating because very simple local rules can generate complex global behaviors. The relationship between local and global function is subject of many studies. We tackle this question by using results on…

In this paper we study the dynamics of 1- and 2- dimensional cellular automata, using a 2-adic representation of the states, we give a simple graphical technique for finding periodic solutions. We also study the continuity properties of the…

Data complexity is an important concept in the natural sciences and related areas, but lacks a rigorous and computable definition. In this paper, we focus on a particular sense of complexity that is high if the data is structured in a way…

We study the predictability of emergent phenomena in complex systems. Using nearest neighbor, one-dimensional Cellular Automata (CA) as an example, we show how to construct local coarse-grained descriptions of CA in all classes of Wolfram's…

Most classical results in circuit complexity theory concern circuits over the Boolean domain. Besides their simplicity and the ease of comparing different languages, the actual architecture of computers is also an important motivating…

Continuous cellular automata (CCAs) have evolved from discrete lookup tables to continuous partial differential equation (PDE) formulations in the search for novel forms of complexity. Despite innovations in qualitative behavior, analytical…

The set of permutations on a finite set can be given the lattice structure known as the weak Bruhat order. This lattice structure is generalized to the set of words on a fixed alphabet $\Sigma$ = {x,y,z,...}, where each letter has a fixed…

Complex patterns generated by the time evolution of a one-dimensional digitalized coupled map lattice are quantitatively analyzed. A method for discerning complexity among the different patterns is implemented. The quantitative results…