相关论文: Failure and avalanches in complex networks
Cascading failure models are typically used to capture the phenomenon where failures possibly trigger further failures in succession, causing knock-on effects. In many networks this ultimately leads to a disintegrated network where the…
This study examine the difference in the size of avalanches among industries triggered by demand shocks, which can be rephrased by control of the economy or fiscal policy, and by using the production-inventory model and observed data. We…
Power generation and distribution remains an important topic of discussion since the industrial revolution. As the system continues to grow, it needs to evolve both in infrastructure, robustness and its resilience to deal with failures. One…
In a network, a local disturbance can propagate and eventually cause a substantial part of the system to fail, in cascade events that are easy to conceptualize but extraordinarily difficult to predict. Here, we develop a statistical…
We introduce a toy model displaying the avalanche dynamics of failure in scale-free networks. In the model, the network growth is based on the Barab\'asi and Albert model and each node is assigned a capacity or tolerance, which is constant…
Unscheduled power disturbances cause severe consequences both for customers and grid operators. To defend against such events, it is necessary to identify the causes of interruptions in the power distribution network. In this work, we focus…
We model power grids as graphs with heavy-tailed sinks, which represent demand from cities, and study cascading failures on such graphs. Our analysis links the scale-free nature of blackout sizes to the scale-free nature of city sizes,…
Industry reliability rules increasingly require utilities to study and mitigate cascading failure risk in their system. Motivated by this, this paper describes how cascading failure risk, in terms of expected blackout size, varies with…
We evaluate analytically and numerically the size of the frozen core and various scaling laws for critical Boolean networks that have a power-law in- and/or out-degree distribution. To this purpose, we generalize an efficient method that…
We characterize the distributions of size and duration of avalanches propagating in complex networks. By an avalanche we mean the sequence of events initiated by the externally stimulated `excitation' of a network node, which may, with some…
Sudden failure of a single transmission element in a power grid can induce a domino effect of cascading failures, which can lead to the isolation of a large number of consumers or even to the failure of the entire grid. Here we present…
With the sharp increase of power demand, large-scale blackouts in power grids occur frequently around the world. Cascading failures are the main causes of network outages. Therefore, revealing the complicated cascade mechanism in grids is…
Power law distributed fluctuations are known to accompany \emph{terminal} failure in disordered brittle solids. The associated intermittent scale-free behavior is of interest from the fundamental point of view as it emerges universally from…
Cascading failures are one of the main reasons for blackouts in electric power transmission grids. The economic cost of such failures is in the order of tens of billion dollars annually. The loading level of power system is a key aspect to…
The statistics of burst avalanche sizes $n$ during failure processes in a fiber bundle follows a power law, $D(n)\sim n^{-\xi}$, for large avalanches. The exponent $\xi$ depends upon how the avalanches are provoked. While it is known that…
The size of large cliff failures may be described in several ways, for instance considering the horizontal eroded area at the cliff top and the maximum local retreat of the coastline. Field studies suggest that, for large failures, the…
Power grids are prone to failure. Time series of reliability measures such as total power loss or energy not supplied can give significant account of the underlying dynamical behavior of these systems, specially when the resulting…
This article describes a complex network model whose weights are proportional to the difference between uniformly distributed ``fitness'' values assigned to the nodes. It is shown both analytically and experimentally that the strength…
A study on the behavior of off-site AC power failure recovery times at three nuclear plant sites is presented. It is shown, that power law is appropriate for the representation of failure frequency-duration correlation function of off-site…
In this work, we propose a control scheme for power grids subject to large perturbations that cause the failure of a node of the grid. Under such circumstances, the system may lose synchrony and, in addition, a cascade of line failures can…