相关论文: Which Discoveries Are Paradigm Shifting?

Bibliometricians have long recurred to citation counts to measure the impact of publications on the advancement of science. However, since the earliest days of the field, some scholars have questioned whether all citations should be worth…

We present a new computing model for intrinsic rewards in reinforcement learning that addresses the limitations of existing surprise-driven explorations. The reward is the novelty of the surprise rather than the surprise norm. We estimate…

The concepts of variability and uncertainty, both epistemic and alleatory, came from experience and coexist with different connotations. Therefore this article attempts to express their relation by analytic means firstly setting sights on…

Novelty detection seeks to identify samples deviating from a known distribution, yet data shifts in a multitude of ways, and only a few consist of relevant changes. Aligned with out-of-distribution generalization literature, we advocate for…

With the passage of more time from the original date of publication, the measure of the impact of scientific works using subsequent citation counts becomes more accurate. However the measurement of individual and organizational research…

An ongoing interest in innovation studies is to understand how knowledge generated from scientific research can be used in the development of technologies. While previous inquiries have devoted to studying the scientific capacity of…

The marked power spectrum is capable of placing far tighter constraints on cosmological parameters (particularly the neutrino mass) than the conventional power spectrum. What new information does it contain beyond conventional statistics?…

Studying how we explore the world in search of novelties is key to understand the mechanisms that can lead to new discoveries. Previous studies analyzed novelties in various exploration processes, defining them as the first appearance of an…

Women and men pursue different but complementary forms of scientific innovation. Analyzing 261,452 solo-authored papers by U.S. scholars, with patterns confirmed by millions of multi-authored articles, we show that women more often bridge…

The vast majority of recommender systems model preferences as static or slowly changing due to observable user experience. However, spontaneous changes in user preferences are ubiquitous in many domains like media consumption and key…

As science transitions from the age of lone geniuses to an era of collaborative teams, the question of whether large teams can sustain the creativity of individuals and continue driving innovation has become increasingly important. Our…

Neutrino oscillation phenomenon is a definite evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) and high precision measurement of neutrino properties will certainly give us clue about what lies beyond the SM. In particular, precise…

Research and innovation is important agenda for any company to remain competitive in the market. The relationship between innovation and revenue is a key metric for companies to decide on the amount to be invested for future research. Two…

Is the complexity of medical product (medicines and medical devices) regulation impacting innovation in the US? If so, how? Here, this question is investigated as follows: Various novel proxy metrics of regulation (FDA-issued guidelines)…

Cultural evolution is driven by how we choose what to consume and share with others. A common belief is that the cultural artifacts that succeed are ones that balance novelty and conventionality. This balance theory suggests that people…

In the rapidly evolving landscape of technological innovation, safeguarding intellectual property rights through patents is crucial for fostering progress and stimulating research and development investments. This report introduces a…

Impact of science is one of the most important topics in scientometrics. Recent developments show a fundamental change in impact measurements from impact on science to impact on society. Since impact measurement is currently in a state of…

We introduce a novel and interpretable path-based music similarity measure. Our similarity measure assumes that items, such as songs and artists, and information about those items are represented in a knowledge graph. We find paths in the…

Novelty alone is not sufficient for innovation. For new ideas and products to thrive, they must find their place within the existing societal fabric, such as institutions, conventions, and infrastructures that have been built over time.…

Surprise describes a range of phenomena from unexpected events to behavioral responses. We propose a measure of surprise and use it for surprise-driven learning. Our surprise measure takes into account data likelihood as well as the degree…