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Sets of parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton are reported for the leading (LO), next-to-leading (NLO) and next-to-next-to leading order (NNLO) QCD calculations. The parton distribution functions are determined with the…

The choice of data that enters a global QCD analysis can have a substantial impact on the resulting parton distributions and their predictions for collider observables. One of the main reasons for this has to do with the possible presence…

We present a model-independent determination of the nuclear parton distribution functions (nPDFs) using machine learning methods and Monte Carlo techniques based on the NNPDF framework. The neutral-current deep-inelastic nuclear structure…

Modern global analyses of the structure of the proton include collider measurements which probe energies well above the electroweak scale. While these provide powerful constraints on the parton distribution functions (PDFs), they are also…

The detailed comprehension of momentum fraction and energy dependence of proton structure functions is among the major difficulties in high-energy physics. Perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD) plays as an extensive foundation for…

We suggest that a previously conjectured relation between Structure Functions (SF) for nuclei and nucleons also links distribution functions (df) for partons in a nucleus and in nucleons. The above suggestion ensures in principle identical…

Parton distribution functions (PDFs) are important quantities in describing nucleon structures. They are universal and process-independent. As a matter of fact, nucleon PDFs are inevitably affected by nuclear matter during nuclear…

We show that the generalized parton distributions (GPDFs) in the 'skewed' $x \approx \xi << 1$ regime can be related in a particularly simple way to the usual diagonal distributions. This follows directly from the Shuvaev transform, but…

We review the current status of spin-averaged and spin-dependent parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the nucleon. After presenting the formalism used to fit PDFs in modern global data analyses, we discuss constraints placed on the PDFs…

Understanding nuclear effects in parton distribution functions (PDF) is an essential component needed to determine the strange and anti-strange quark contributions in the proton. In addition Nuclear Parton Distribution Functions (NPDF) are…

We review the current status of Parton Distribution Function (PDF) determinations for unpolarized and longitudinally polarized protons and for unpolarized nuclei, which are probed by high-energy hadronic scattering in perturbative Quantum…

In this paper, we address double parton scattering (DPS) in pA collisions. Within the Light-Front approach, we formally derive the two contributions to the nuclear double parton distribution (DPD), namely: DPS1, involving two partons from…

Tensor-polarized twist-3 parton distribution functions (PDFs) $f_{LT}(x)$ are calculated for the spin-1 deuteron by using twist-2 relations, which are similar to the Wandzura-Wilczek relation and the Burkhardt-Cottingham sum rule in the…

We report a lattice QCD calculation of the parton distribution function (PDF) of a deuteron-like dibaryon system using large-momentum effective theory. The calculation is done on three Wilson Clover ensembles with a fixed lattice spacing…

In this work, we discuss: (i) The ratios of different parton distribution functions (PDFs), i.e., MMHT2014, CJ15, CTEQ6l1, HERAPDF15, MSTW2008, HERAPDF20 and MSHT20, and the corresponding Kimber-Martin-Ryskin (KMR) unintegrated parton…

Without proper control of numerical and methodological errors in theoretical predictions at the per mille level it is not possible to study the effect of input parameters in current hadron-collider measurements at the required precision. We…

We examine the sources of parton distribution errors in the $W$ mass measurement, and point out shortcomings in the existing literature. Optimistic assumptions about strategies to reduce the error by normalizing to $Z$ observables are…

The framework to compute the cross sections for the production of particles with high mass and/or large transverse momentum in double- (DPS), triple- (TPS), and in general $n$-parton scatterings, from the corresponding single-parton…

We review the current state of the art in the determination of the parton substructure of the nucleon, as expressed in terms of parton distribution functions (PDFs), and probed in high-energy lepton-hadron and hadron-hadron collisions, and…

To facilitate lattice QCD calculations of nucleon structute, a set of quasi-parton distributions were recently introduced. These quasi-PDFs were shown to reduce to standard PDFs when the nucleon is boosted to high energies, $P_z\rightarrow…