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Transcranial electric stimulation (TES) can modulate intrinsic neural activity in the brain by injecting weak currents through electrodes attached to the scalp. TES has been widely used as a neuroscience tool to investigate how behavioural…

A major shortcoming of medical practice is the lack of an objective measure of conscious level. Impairment of consciousness is common, e.g. following brain injury and seizures, which can also interfere with sensory processing and volitional…

The main objective of the electrical stimulation of the brain is to generate action potentials from the application of electromagnetic fields. Among the available techniques, transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) represents a popular…

Objective. Personalized transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) has gained growing attention due to the substantial inter-individual variability in brain anatomy and physiology. While previous reviews have discussed the physiological…

Background and Objective: Transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) is a promising non-invasive brain stimulation technique in which interference between electrical current fields extends the possibilities of electrical brain…

For decades, focal non-invasive neuromodulation of deep brain regions has not been possible because of the steep depth-focality trade-off of conventional non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, such as transcranial magnetic…

Transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) is widely used to study the reactivity and connectivity of brain regions for clinical or research purposes. The electromagnetic pulse of the TMS device…

The Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (EEG) technique consists of estimating the cortical distribution of signals over time of electrical activity and also of locating the zones of primary sensory projection. Moreover, it is able to record…

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a widely used non-invasive technique for measuring brain activity in brain-computer interface (BCI) applications. Supervised EEG decoding models often struggle to generalize across tasks, subjects, and…

Advancements in neurosurgical robotics have improved medical procedures, particularly deep brain stimulation, where robots combine human and machine intelligence to precisely implant electrodes in the brain. While effective, this procedure…

In this article, we design a novel Transcranial Electrical Stimulator for medical applications, which is very cheap and can produce the desired signals very accurately. Our fabricated stimulator generates all current signals related to…

Concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG), or TMS-EEG, holds the potential to broaden the clinical applications of TMS beyond its traditional role in evaluating the cortico-spinal tract and motor…

Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a powerful tool to investigate neurophysiology of the human brain and treat brain disorders. Traditionally, therapeutic TMS has been applied in a one-size-fits-all approach,…

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a popular method for the noninvasive stimulation of neurons in the brain. It has become a standard instrument in experimental brain research and is approved for a range of diagnostic and…

This paper explores advanced electrode modeling in the context of separate and parallel transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) and electroencephalography (EEG) measurements. We focus on boundary condition based approaches that do not…

A limiting factor towards the wide routine use of wearables devices for continuous healthcare monitoring is their cumbersome and obtrusive nature. This is particularly true for electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, which require the…

This work considers the optimization of electrode positions in head imaging by electrical impedance tomography. The study is motivated by maximizing the sensitivity of electrode measurements to conductivity changes when monitoring the…

Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (TCES) and Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) are two different applications of electrical current to the brain used in different areas of medicine. Both have a similar frequency dependence of their efficiency,…

Concurrency of transcranial magnetic stimulation with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) technique is a powerful and challenging methodology for basic research and clinical applications. Aspects considered in experiments for effective TMS-EEG…

Electro-stimulation or modulation of deep brain regions is commonly used in clinical procedures for the treatment of several nervous system disorders. In particular, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is widely used as an…