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When facing a heavily-favored opponent, an underdog must be willing to assume greater-than-average risk. In statistical language, one would say that an underdog must be willing to adopt a strategy whose outcome has a larger-than-average…

物理与社会 · 物理学 2011-11-04 Brian Skinner

The rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) have presented challenges in evaluating those models. Existing evaluation methods are either reference-based or preference based, which inevitably need human intervention or introduce…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-08-22 Dan Qiao , Chenfei Wu , Yaobo Liang , Juntao Li , Nan Duan

Do NFL teams make rational decisions? What factors potentially affect the probability of wining a game in NFL? How can a team come back from a demoralizing interception? In this study we begin by examining the hypothesis of rational…

应用统计 · 统计学 2017-02-08 Konstantinos Pelechrinis , Evangelos Papalexakis

In ranking problems, the goal is to learn a ranking function from labeled pairs of input points. In this paper, we consider the related comparison problem, where the label indicates which element of the pair is better, or if there is no…

机器学习 · 统计学 2020-07-27 David Venuto , Toby Dylan Hocking , Lakjaree Sphanurattana , Masashi Sugiyama

In basketball and hockey, state-of-the-art player value statistics are often variants of Adjusted Plus-Minus (APM). But APM hasn't had the same impact in soccer, since soccer games are low scoring with a low number of substitutions. In…

应用统计 · 统计学 2018-10-19 Francesca Matano , Lee F. Richardson , Taylor Pospisil , Collin Eubanks , Jining Qin

We propose utilizing match-level suspense and surprise - which capture the entertainment utility created by competitive balance and outcome uncertainty for sports spectators - as alternative policy targets for league organizers and…

综合经济学 · 经济学 2025-06-27 Raphael Flepp , Tim Pawlowski , Travis Richardson

Football is a very result-driven industry, with goals being rarer than in most sports, so having further parameters to judge the performance of teams and individuals is key. Expected Goals (xG) allow further insight than just a scoreline.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-09-04 James H. Hewitt , Oktay Karakuş

We study repeated multi-player vector-valued games in which a player observes a payoff vector each round and evaluates outcomes through linear scalarizations of those vectors. Different from most prior works, the choice of scalarization is…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Ehsan Asadollahi , Calvin Hawkins , Matthew Hale

In this work, we deal with the problem of rating in sports, where the skills of the players/teams are inferred from the observed outcomes of the games. Our focus is on the online rating algorithms which estimate the skills after each new…

机器学习 · 统计学 2021-04-30 Leszek Szczecinski , Raphaëlle Tihon

In this work, a machine learning approach is developed for predicting the outcomes of football matches. The novelty of this research lies in the utilisation of the Kelly Index to first classify matches into categories where each one denotes…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-11-30 Yiming Ren , Teo Susnjak

In-play football forecasting models have struggled to match the accuracy of betting exchange prices, which aggregate information from many market participants. We close this gap by combining two extensions to a Weibull accelerated failure…

应用统计 · 统计学 2026-05-18 Lawrence Clegg , Zixing Song , John Cartlidge

In this work, we extended a stochastic model for football leagues based on the team's potential [R. da Silva et al. Comput. Phys. Commun. \textbf{184} 661--670 (2013)] for making predictions instead of only performing a successful…

物理与社会 · 物理学 2022-06-08 Eduardo V. Stock , Roberto da Silva , Henrique A. Fernandes

Predicting performance outcomes has the potential to transform training approaches, inform coaching strategies, and deepen our understanding of the factors that contribute to athletic success. Traditional non-automated data analysis in…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2025-09-12 Melik Ozolcer , Tongze Zhang , Sang Won Bae

In this work, we draw attention to a connection between skill-based models of game outcomes and Gaussian process classification models. The Gaussian process perspective enables a) a principled way of dealing with uncertainty and b) rich…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2016-09-06 Lucas Maystre , Victor Kristof , Antonio J. González Ferrer , Matthias Grossglauser

Models in which the number of goals scored by a team in a soccer match follow a Poisson distribution, or a closely related one, have been widely discussed. We here consider a soccer match as an experiment to assess which of two teams is…

物理与社会 · 物理学 2009-09-29 G. K. Skinner , G. H. Freeman

Professional team sports provide an excellent domain for studying the dynamics of social competitions. These games are constructed with simple, well-defined rules and payoffs that admit a high-dimensional set of possible actions and…

数据分析、统计与概率 · 物理学 2016-06-17 Leto Peel , Aaron Clauset

Traditional NBA player evaluation metrics are based on scoring differential or some pace-adjusted linear combination of box score statistics like points, rebounds, assists, etc. These measures treat performances with the outcome of the game…

应用统计 · 统计学 2023-09-21 Sameer K. Deshpande , Shane T. Jensen

In this paper we present a novel approach to optimise tactical and strategic decision making in football (soccer). We model the game of football as a multi-stage game which is made up from a Bayesian game to model the pre-match decisions…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2020-03-24 Ryan Beal , Georgios Chalkiadakis , Timothy J. Norman , Sarvapali D. Ramchurn

Competitive balance in a football league is extremely important from the perspective of economic growth of the industry. Many researchers have earlier proposed different measures of competitive balance, which are primarily adapted from the…

应用统计 · 统计学 2021-02-19 Soudeep Deb

In this research, we examine the capabilities of different mathematical models to accurately predict various levels of the English football pyramid. Existing work has largely focused on top-level play in European leagues; however, our work…