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With the release of Amazon Alexa and the first Amazon Echo device, the company revolutionised the smart home. It allowed their users to communicate with, and control, their smart home ecosystem purely using voice commands. However, this…

Internet of Things devices such as the Amazon Echo are undoubtedly great sources of potential digital evidence due to their ubiquitous use and their always on mode of operation, constituting a human life black box. The Amazon Echo in…

With over 20 million units sold since 2015, Amazon Echo, the Alexa-enabled smart speaker developed by Amazon, is probably one of the most widely deployed Internet of Things consumer devices. Despite the very large installed base,…

Since being launched in 2014, Alexa, Amazon's versatile cloud-based voice service, is now active in over 100 million households worldwide. Alexa's user-friendly, personalized vocal experience offers customers a more natural way of…

Smart home devices have found their way through people's homes as well as hearts. One such smart device is Amazon Alexa. Amazon Alexa is a voice-controlled application that is rapidly gaining popularity. Alexa was primarily used for…

Self-hosted cloud storage platforms like Nextcloud are gaining popularity among individuals and organizations seeking greater control over their data. However, this shift introduces new challenges for digital forensic investigations,…

This paper investigates the privacy leakage of smart speakers under an encrypted traffic analysis attack, referred to as voice command fingerprinting. In this attack, an adversary can eavesdrop both outgoing and incoming encrypted voice…

Many artificial intelligence (AI) speakers have recently come to market. Beginning with Amazon Echo, many companies producing their own speaker technologies. Due to the limitations of technology, most speakers have similar functions, but…

Voice assistants like Amazon's Alexa, Google's Assistant, or Apple's Siri, have become the primary (voice) interface in smart speakers that can be found in millions of households. For privacy reasons, these speakers analyze every sound in…

In traditional (desktop) e-commerce search, a customer issues a specific query and the system returns a ranked list of products in order of relevance to the query. An increasingly popular alternative in e-commerce search is to issue a…

We present Alexa versus Alexa (AvA), a novel attack that leverages audio files containing voice commands and audio reproduction methods in an offensive fashion, to gain control of Amazon Echo devices for a prolonged amount of time. AvA…

The introduction of Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems into personal homes and businesses prompts the idea that such ecosystems contain residual data, which can be used as digital evidence in court proceedings. However, the forensic…

The issue of increasing volume, variety and velocity of has been an area of concern in cloud forensics. The high volume of data will, at some point, become computationally exhaustive to be fully extracted and analysed in a timely manner. To…

The popularity of smart-home assistant systems such as Amazon Alexa and Google Home leads to a booming third-party application market (over 70,000 applications across the two stores). While existing works have revealed security issues in…

Home Digital Voice Assistants (HDVAs) are getting popular in recent years. Users can control smart devices and get living assistance through those HDVAs (e.g., Amazon Alexa, Google Home) using voice. In this work, we study the insecurity of…

Voice-controlled house-hold devices, like Amazon Echo or Google Home, face the problem of performing speech recognition of device-directed speech in the presence of interfering background speech, i.e., background noise and interfering…

These days, there are many ways to watch streaming videos on television. When compared to a standalone smart television, streaming devices such as Roku and Amazon Fire Stick have a plethora of app selections. While these devices are…

Smart devices have become common place in many homes, and these devices can be utilized to provide support for people with mental or physical deficits. Voice-controlled assistants are a class of smart device that collect a large amount of…

Smart speakers collect voice commands, which can be used to infer sensitive information about users. Given the potential for privacy harms, there is a need for greater transparency and control over the data collected, used, and shared by…

In the IoT world, intelligent virtual assistant (IVA) is a popular service to interact with users based on voice command. For optimal performance and efficient data management, famous IVAs like Amazon Alexa and Google Assistant usually…