相关论文: Correspondence between two gravitational lens equa…

Lensing in a spherically symmetric and static spacetime is considered, based on the lightlike geodesic equation without approximations. After fixing two radius values r_O and r_S, lensing for an observation event somewhere at r_O and static…

Keeping the exact general relativistic treatment of light bending as a reference, we compare the accuracy of commonly used approximate lens equations. We conclude that the best approximate lens equation is the Ohanian lens equation, for…

This is a general work on gravitational lensing. We present new expressions for the optical scalars and the deflection angle in terms of the energy-momentum tensor components of matter distributions. Our work generalizes standard references…

The deflection and gravitational lensing of light and massive particles in arbitrary static, spherically symmetric and asymptotically (anti-)de Sitter spacetimes are considered in this work. We first proved that for spacetimes whose metric…

In a flat, k=0 cosmology with galaxies that approximate singular isothermal spheres, gravitational lens image separations should be uncorrelated with source redshift. But in an open k=-1 cosmology such gravitational lens image separations…

The Gibbons-Werner-Ono-Ishihara-Asada method for gravitational lensing in a stationary spacetime has been recently reexamined [Huang and Cao, arXiv:2306.04145], in which the gravitational deflection angle of light based on the Gauss-Bonnet…

We analyzed the influence of static gravitational field on the vacuum and proposed the concept of inhomogeneous vacuum. According to the corresponding Fermat's principle in the general relativity, we derived a graded refractive index of…

Gravitational lensing constitutes one of the most direct observational manifestations of spacetime curvature and provides a powerful probe of compact astrophysical objects. In this work, we present a comprehensive analysis of the bending of…

We present a framework for studying gravitational lensing in spherically symmetric spacetimes using 1+1+2 covariant methods. A general formula for the deflection angle is derived and we show how this can be used to recover the standard…

Recently, a relativistic gravitation theory has been proposed [J. D. Bekenstein, Phys. Rev. D {\bf 70}, 083509 (2004)] that gives the Modified Newtonian Dynamics (or MOND) in the weak acceleration regime. The theory is based on three…

We develop a non--perturbative method that yields analytical expressions for the deflection angle of light in a general static and spherically symmetric metric. It is an improvement on a method previously devised by the authors, and…

We extend to higher order a recently published method for calculating the deflection angle of light in a general static and spherically symmetric metric. Since the method is convergent we obtain very accurate analytical expressions that we…

We discuss, without assuming asymptotic flatness, a gravitational lens for an observer and source that are within a finite distance from a lens object. The proposed lens equation is consistent with the deflection angle of light that is…

The gravitational lens equation resulting from a single (non-linear) mass concentration (the main lens) plus inhomogeneities of the large-scale structure is shown to be strictly equivalent to the single-plane gravitational lens equation…

The images of many distant galaxies are displaced, distorted and often multiplied by the presence of foreground massive galaxies near the line of sight; the foreground galaxies act as gravitational lenses. Commonly, the lens equation, which…

In a recent manuscript published in the Arxives (arXiv:1610.03049v1), it is claimed that it should be more appropriate to refer to the equation of hydrostatic equilibrium in a static spherically symmetric spacetime, supported by an…

Based on the geodesic equation in a static spherically symmetric metric we discuss the rotation curve and gravitational lensing. The rotation curve determines one function in the metric without assuming Einstein's equations. Then lensing is…

We give the lens equation for light deflections caused by point mass condensations in an otherwise spatially homogeneous and flat universe. We assume the signal from a distant source is deflected by a single condensation before it reaches…

We argued previously that the well-known equation for hydrostatic equilibrium in a static spherically symmetric spacetime supported by an isotropic perfect fluid should be called the Oppenheimer-Volkoff (OV) equation, rather than the…

In this work we study the deflection angle $\Delta \varphi$ and gravitational lensing of both lightlike and timelike neutral rays in Reissner-Nordstr\"om (RN) spacetimes. The exact deflection angle is found as an elliptical function of the…