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Being able to predict the mental states of others is a key factor to effective social interaction. It is also crucial for distributed multi-agent systems, where agents are required to communicate and cooperate. In this paper, we introduce…

多智能体系统 · 计算机科学 2022-04-26 Yuanfei Wang , Fangwei Zhong , Jing Xu , Yizhou Wang

Theory of Mind (ToM) -- the ability to understand that others can have differing knowledge and goals -- enables agents to reason about others' beliefs while planning their own actions. We present a novel approach to multi-agent cooperation…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-05 Riddhi J. Pitliya , Ozan Çatal , Toon Van de Maele , Corrado Pezzato , Tim Verbelen

Social reasoning necessitates the capacity of theory of mind (ToM), the ability to contextualise and attribute mental states to others without having access to their internal cognitive structure. Recent machine learning approaches to ToM…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-01-18 Dung Nguyen , Phuoc Nguyen , Hung Le , Kien Do , Svetha Venkatesh , Truyen Tran

Cognitive abilities, such as Theory of Mind (ToM), play a vital role in facilitating cooperation in human social interactions. However, our study reveals that agents with higher ToM abilities may not necessarily exhibit better cooperative…

多智能体系统 · 计算机科学 2025-05-15 Jiaqi Shao , Tianjun Yuan , Tao Lin , Bing Luo

Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to attribute beliefs, intentions, or mental states to others, is a crucial feature of human social interaction. In complex environments, where the human sensory system reaches its limits, behaviour is…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2024-07-26 Francesca Bianco , Silvia Rigato , Maria Laura Filippetti , Dimitri Ognibene

Currently, in the study of multiagent systems, the intentions of agents are usually ignored. Nonetheless, as pointed out by Theory of Mind (ToM), people regularly reason about other's mental states, including beliefs, goals, and intentions,…

多智能体系统 · 计算机科学 2021-10-04 Luyao Yuan , Zipeng Fu , Linqi Zhou , Kexin Yang , Song-Chun Zhu

Theory of Mind (ToM) significantly impacts human collaboration and communication as a crucial capability to understand others. When AI agents with ToM capability collaborate with humans, Mutual Theory of Mind (MToM) arises in such human-AI…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2024-09-16 Shao Zhang , Xihuai Wang , Wenhao Zhang , Yongshan Chen , Landi Gao , Dakuo Wang , Weinan Zhang , Xinbing Wang , Ying Wen

The ability to interpret the mental state of another agent based on its behavior, also called Theory of Mind (ToM), is crucial for humans in any kind of social interaction. Artificial systems, such as intelligent assistants, would also…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2019-09-24 Jan Pöppel , Stefan Kopp

Theory of Mind (ToM)-an understanding of the mental states of others-is a key aspect of human social intelligence, yet, chatbots and LLM-based social agents do not typically integrate it. In this work, we demonstrate that LLMs that…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 EunJeong Hwang , Yuwei Yin , Giuseppe Carenini , Peter West , Vered Shwartz

Theory of mind (ToM; Premack & Woodruff, 1978) broadly refers to humans' ability to represent the mental states of others, including their desires, beliefs, and intentions. We propose to train a machine to build such models too. We design a…

Theory of Mind (ToM) refers to the ability to reason about others' mental states, and higher-order ToM involves considering that others also possess their own ToM. Equipping large language model (LLM)-driven agents with ToM has long been…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-18 Chunjiang Mu , Ya Zeng , Qiaosheng Zhang , Kun Shao , Chen Chu , Hao Guo , Danyang Jia , Zhen Wang , Shuyue Hu

Recent work on dialogue-based collaborative plan acquisition (CPA) has suggested that Theory of Mind (ToM) modelling can improve missing knowledge prediction in settings with asymmetric skill-sets and knowledge. Although ToM was claimed to…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-05-30 Matteo Bortoletto , Constantin Ruhdorfer , Adnen Abdessaied , Lei Shi , Andreas Bulling

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive accomplishments in both reasoning and planning, their abilities in multi-agent collaborations remains largely unexplored. This study evaluates LLM-based agents in a multi-agent…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-28 Huao Li , Yu Quan Chong , Simon Stepputtis , Joseph Campbell , Dana Hughes , Michael Lewis , Katia Sycara

Relating explicit psychological mechanisms and observable behaviours is a central aim of psychological and behavioural science. We implemented the principles of the Projective Consciousness Model into artificial agents embodied as virtual…

神经元与认知 · 定量生物学 2025-11-26 David Rudrauf , Grégoire Sergeant-Perthuis , Yvain Tisserand , Teerawat Monnor , Olivier Belli

Recent advances in Artificial Intelligence have produced agents that can beat human world champions at games like Go, Starcraft, and Dota2. However, most of these models do not seem to play in a human-like manner: People infer others'…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2020-08-03 Terence X. Lim , Sidney Tio , Desmond C. Ong

A major challenge in cognitive science and AI has been to understand how autonomous agents might acquire and predict behavioral and mental states of other agents in the course of complex social interactions. How does such an agent model the…

多智能体系统 · 计算机科学 2019-06-03 Ismael T. Freire , Xerxes D. Arsiwalla , Jordi-Ysard Puigbò , Paul Verschure

In complex environments, where the human sensory system reaches its limits, our behaviour is strongly driven by our beliefs about the state of the world around us. Accessing others' beliefs, intentions, or mental states in general, could…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2022-10-19 Francesca Bianco , Dimitri Ognibene

Human social interactions depend on the ability to infer others' unspoken intentions, emotions, and beliefs-a cognitive skill grounded in the psychological concept of Theory of Mind (ToM). While large language models (LLMs) excel in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-15 Xuanming Zhang , Yuxuan Chen , Samuel Yeh , Sharon Li

Machine learning of Theory of Mind (ToM) is essential to build social agents that co-live with humans and other agents. This capacity, once acquired, will help machines infer the mental states of others from observed contextual action…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-04-21 Dung Nguyen , Phuoc Nguyen , Hung Le , Kien Do , Svetha Venkatesh , Truyen Tran

Theory of Mind (ToM) is the ability to attribute mental states to others, the basis of human cognition. At present, there has been growing interest in the AI with cognitive abilities, for example in healthcare and the motoring industry.…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-03-22 Yuanyuan Mao , Shuang Liu , Pengshuai Zhao , Qin Ni , Xin Lin , Liang He
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